Hernias ( femoral, inguinal, miscellaneous) Flashcards
where does the inguinal ligament run?
between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle
Describe the anatomy of the inguonal ligament and the inguinal canal?
inguinal igament runs between the ASIS and pubic tubercle
within inguinal ligament runs the inguinal canal- provides a passage way for the spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females and carries inguinal nerve in both sexes
entry point of inguinal canal is the deep inguinal ring ( lies just above midpoint of inguinal ligament and the exit point is the superifical inguinal ring ( lies just above and medial to pubic tubercle)
what is the entry and exit point of the inguinal canal?
entry= deep inguinal ring ( lies just above midpoint of inguinal ligament)
exit= superificial inguinal ring ( lies just above and medial to pubic tubercle)
what does the inguinal canal provide a passage for?
spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females
carries the ilioinguinal nerve in both sexes
what is a hernia?
protrusion of a viscus or part of a viscus through a defect of the wall of its containing cavity into an abnormal position
what are th emost common types of hernias?
inguinal
where are femoral hernia found?
infero-lateral to pubic tubercle ( and medial to femoral pulse)
where are inguinal hernias found?
superomedial to pubic tubercle?
can inguinal and femoral hernias be differentiated clinically?
NO ONLY IN SURGERY
what is the cause of inguinal and femoral hernias?
Occur due to inc intra-abdominal pressure i.e. due to chronic cough, smoking causing cough, constipation, pregnancy, weight-lifting, or weakened abdominal muscles.
what does it mean if hernias are irreducible?
they cannot be pushed back into the right place
what does incarceration of hernias mean?
contents of hernia sack are stuck inside by adhesions
what is an amyand hernia?
contains the appendix within its sac
what is a gluteal hernia?
protrudes through the greater sciatic foramen
what is a littre hernia?
contains a Meckel diverticulum
what is an obturator hernia?
protrudes through the obturator canal
what is a sciatic hernia?
protrudes through the lesser sciatic foramen
what is a spligelian hernia?
protrudes through the semilunar line
what are the 2 types of lumbar hernia and what do they pass through?
Petit herniapasses through the inferior lumbar triangle of the posterolateral wall, which is bounded by external oblique, latissimus dorsi and the iliac crest below.
Grynfeltt herniapasses through the superior lumbar triangle, a space bounded by the 12th rib above, sacrospinalis muscle medially and the internal oblique muscle laterally.
define inguinal hernia and what are the two types of inguinal hernia?
Most common type of hernia
The abnormal protrusion of a peritoneal sac through a weakness of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region – both types emerge at the superficial inguinal ring
DIRECT AND INDIRECT INGUINAL HERNIAS
what is the cause of a direct inguinal hernia and descirbe its location?
caused by weakness in posterior wall of inguinal canal
Abdominal contents ( fatty tissue, sometimes with bowel) are forced through this defect and enter inguinal canal
therefore contents emerge medial to deep inguinal ring
arises medial to inferior epigastric vessels
appears through Hesselbach’s triangle
what are the borders of hesselbach’s triangle?
- lateral border of rectus abdominis
- inferior epigastric vessels
- inguinal ligament