Hernias

Question 1

Describing a lump: 3S’s, 3C’s, 3T’s, 1F

Answer 1

Site, Size, Shape
Contour, Colour, Consistency
Tethering, Tenderness, Transilluminence
Fluctuance

Question 2

Hernia:

Answer 2

the protrusion of a viscus, or part of a viscus, through the walls of its containing cavity into an abnormal position

Question 3

Common sites for hernias:

Answer 3

epigastric
incisional
direct and indirect inguinal
umbilical
femoral

Question 4

rings of the inguinal canal

Answer 4

deep: 1.25cm superior to middle of the inguinal ligament and lateral to inferior epigastric artery
superficial: superior and medial to pubic tubercle

Question 5

pubic tubercle

Answer 5

protrusions adjacent to pubic symphysis

Question 6

walls of the inguinal canal

Answer 6

Anterior: aponeurosis of external oblique

posterior: fascia transversalis
inferior: inguinal ligament
superior: conjoint tendon

Question 7

indirect inguinal hernia (75%)

Answer 7

exits through deep inguinal ring, lateral to inferior epigastric artery. can be directed down onto the sctrotum
INdirect IN INguinal canal

Question 8

direct inguinal hernia (25%)

Answer 8

direct bulge through weak transversalis fascia medial to epigastric artery. rarely enters the scrotum

Question 9

Spermatic cord

Piles Don’t Contribute To A Good Sex Life

Answer 9

pampinifrom plexus
ductus deferens
cremasteric artery
testicular artery
artery of the ductus deferens
genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
sympathetic nerve
lymphatic vessels

Question 10

femoral hernia

Answer 10

more common in women
passes through femoral canal
below and lateral to pubic tubercle
strangulation more common