Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hernia?

A

An abnormal protrusion of a viscus outwith its normal body cavity

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2
Q

How may abdominal wall hernias arise?

A

Stretching or surgical incision of a natural openings or weak areas

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3
Q

What are the different types of abdominal wall hernias?

A

Inguinal, femoral, umbilicus, oesophageal hiatus, obturator

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4
Q

What are the predisposing factors for abdominal hernias?

A

Heavy lifting, coughing, constipation, prostatism, pregnancy and obesity
(i.e. raised intrabdominal pressure)

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5
Q

How can hernias be classified?

A

Reducible or irreducible

if it goes back in or not

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6
Q

What are the subdivisions of irreducible hernias?

A

Obstructed or incarcerated

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7
Q

What is strangulation?

A

When the blood supply to the section of the bowel through the area of weakness is stopped due to the window clamping shut

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8
Q

What does strangulation results in?

A

Gangrene (localised cell death)

Death

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9
Q

What is an incisional hernia?

A

Type of hernia caused by an incompletely-healed surgical wound?

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10
Q

What is the aetiology of incisional hernia?

A

Age, obesity, general debility, post-operative wound infection, post operative wound haematoma, raised intra-abdominal pressure, steroids and type of incision

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11
Q

What is an umbilical hernia?

A

A sac formed from the inner lining of you abdominal cavity that pushes through the abdominal wall at the belly button

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12
Q

What is an epigastric hernia?

A

Protrusion normally seen between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus due to a weakness of the linea alba
Usually contains extraperitoneal fat

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13
Q

How is an epigastric hernia repaired?

A

Sutures or mesh

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14
Q

What is a congenital umbilical hernia?

A

Congenital malformation of the umbilicus

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15
Q

By what age is a congenital umbilical hernia usually resolved?

A

Aged 3

operate if over 3

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16
Q

Are paediatric inguinal hernias more common in males or females?

A

Males

9:1

17
Q

What patients are paediatric inguinal hernias more common in?

A

Pre-term and low birth weight infants

18
Q

Which side are paediatric inguinal hernias more common in?

A

Right

19
Q

What is the treatment for paediatric inguinal hernias?

A

Urgent operation if below 1 year old as there is an increased risk of strangulation

20
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

A bulge in the upper part of the thigh near the groin
Anatomy: defect through the femoral canal
They are below and lateral to the pubic tubercle, usually flatten the groin crease

21
Q

What patients are femoral hernias common in?

A

Thin elderly females

10X more common in females