Anatomy: abdominal pain and likely sources Flashcards
Roughly how long is the small intestine?
7m
What are the names of the three parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum (short), jejunum (around 3m) and ileum (around 4m)
What is the large intestine made up of?
The colon: caecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon
The rectum, anal canal
and anus
What are the three divisions of the abdominal organs?
Foregut, midgut and hindgut
What abdominal organs are in the foregut?
Oesophagus to mid-duodenum
Liver, gallbladder, spleen and 1/2 pancreas
What abdominal organs are in the midgut?
Mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rd of transverse colon
1/2 pancreas
What abdominal organs are in the hindgut?
Distal 1/3rd of the transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of the anal canal
What are the 9 regions of the abdominal cavity?
Right & left hypochondrium, epigastric, right & left lumbar, umbilical, right & left inguinal and pubic
Where are the lines that divide the 9 regions?
Mid-clavicular, subcostal and trans-tubercular planes
What are the 4 quadrants of the abdominal cavity?
Right & left upper quadrants
Right & left lower quadrants
Where are the divisions for the 4 quadrants?
Median and trans-umbilical planes
Name the muscles of the anteriolateral abdominal wall
Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis
How do the abdominal muscles guard the abdominal organs when injury threatens?
They contract
also happens in peritonitis
What is the peritoneum?
A thin, transparent, semi-permeable, serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity and organs
What is the parietal peritoneum?
Peritoneum that is in contact with the body wall (soma)
What is the visceral peritoneum?
Peritoneum that is in contact with the organs
Explain the nerve supply to the peritoneum
The peritoneum is sensitive as it has a nerve supply
The parietal peritoneum is supplied by the same nerves as the body wall
The visceral peritoneum is supplied by the same nerves as the organs
What is the peritoneal cavity?
Thin, enclosed space between the parietal and visceral layers that contains a small amount of peritoneal fluid
What is peritonitis and what can cause it?
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Cause: blood, pus or faeces in the peritoneal cavity
What are the 3 organ classes that are dependent on their relationship with the peritoneum?
Intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal and with a mesentery
What defines an intraperitoneal organ?
Almost completely covered in visceral peritoneum
Minimally mobile
What organs are intraperitoneal?
The stomach, the first 5 centimeters and the 4th part of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, and the upper 1/3 of the rectum, as well as, the liver, spleen, and the tail of the pancreas.
What defines a retroperitoneal organ?
Only has visceral peritoneum on its anterior surface
Located in the retroperitoneum
What organs are retroperitoneal?
Supradrenal glands, ureter, kidney, bladder, aorta, inferior vena cava, part of the oeosphagus and part of the rectum
Pancreas, duodenum (not first part), ascending and descending colon
SAD PUCKER
What defines an organ with a mesentery?
Covered in visceral peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum wraps behind the organ to form a double layer - mesentery
Mesentery suspends the organ from the posterior abdominal wall - very mobile
What are condensations of the peritoneum?
Double layers that attach organs to each other or to the abdominal wall
They are secondary to growth and rotation of the GI tract during embryology
Name 4 condensations of the peritoneum
Falciform ligament
Greater and lesser omentum
Mesentery of small intestine
How do the two sacs of the peritoneal cavity, the lesser and greater sac, communicate?
Omental foramen
Where does the portal triad lie?
In the free edge of the lesser omentum
There are pertioneal pouches formed due to the peritoneum draping over the superior aspect of the pelvic organs. How many pouches do males and females have?
One pouch in males
Two pouches in females