Hernias

Question 1

Protrusion of a peritoneal sac through a musculoaponeurotic barrier

Answer 1

Hernia

Question 2

Why should hernias be repaired

Answer 2

to avoid incarceration/strangulation, bowel necrosis

Question 3

What is more dangerous; a small or large hernia defect

Answer 3

small defect is more dangerous because a tight defect is more likely to strangulate

Question 4

Ability to return the displaced organ or tissue/hernia contents to their usual anatomic site

Answer 4

Reducible

Question 5

Swollen or fixed within the hernia sac; may cause intestinal obstruction

Answer 5

Incarcerated

Question 6

Incarcerated hernia with resulting ischemia

Answer 6

Strangulated

Question 7

Hernia sac and its contents protrude all the way through the defect

Answer 7

Complete

Question 8

Defect present without sac or contents protruding completely through it

Answer 8

Incomplete

Question 9

What is reducing a hernia “en masse”

Answer 9

Reducing the hernia contents and hernia sac

Question 10

Hernia sac formed by the wall of a viscus (bladder/cecum)

Answer 10

Sliding hernia

Question 11

Hernia involving a Meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 11

Littre’s hernia
Think alphabetically: Littre’s Meckel’s = LM

Question 12

Hernia through the linea semilunaris; Also known as spontaneous lateral ventral hernia

Answer 12

Spigelian hernia

Question 13

Hernia in or involving intra-abdominal structure

Answer 13

Internal hernia

Question 14

Seen after bariatric gastric-bypass - internal herniation of small bowel through the mesenteric defect from the Roux limb

Answer 14

Petersen’s hernia

Question 15

Hernia through obturator canal

Answer 15

Obturator hernia
females>males

Question 16

Hernia sac exists as both a direct and indirect hernia straddling the inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 16

Pantaloon hernia

Question 17

Hernia through an incisional site

Answer 17

Incisional hernia
most common cause is a wound infection

Question 18

Incisional hernias on the ventral abdominal wall

Answer 18

Ventral hernia

Question 19

Hernia adjacent to an ostomy

Answer 19

Parastomal hernia

Question 20

Incarcerated or strangulated hernia involving only one sidewall of the bowel, which can spontaneously reduce

Answer 20

Richter’s hernia

Question 21

Hernia through the linea alba above the umbilicus

Answer 21

Epigastric hernia

Question 22

Hernia through the umbilical ring

Answer 22

Umbilical hernia

Question 23

Inguinal hernia lateral to Hesselbach’s triangle

Answer 23

Indirect hernia

Question 24

Hernia medial to femoral vessels (under inguinal ligament)

Answer 24

Femoral hernia

Question 25

Hernia through esophageal hiatus

Answer 25

Hiatal hernia

Question 26

What are the boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle

Answer 26

1 - inferior epigastric vessels
2 - inguinal ligament (Poupart’s)
3 - lateral border of the rectus sheath

Question 27

What are the layers of the abdominal wall

Answer 27

skin
subcutaneous fat
scarpa’s fascia
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominus
transversalis fascia
preperitoneal fat
peritoneum

Question 28

What is the differential diagnosis for a mass in a healed C-section incison

Answer 28

hernia - Endometrioma