Hernias Flashcards
Protrusion of a peritoneal sac through a musculoaponeurotic barrier
Hernia
Why should hernias be repaired
to avoid incarceration/strangulation, bowel necrosis
What is more dangerous; a small or large hernia defect
small defect is more dangerous because a tight defect is more likely to strangulate
Ability to return the displaced organ or tissue/hernia contents to their usual anatomic site
Reducible
Swollen or fixed within the hernia sac; may cause intestinal obstruction
Incarcerated
Incarcerated hernia with resulting ischemia
Strangulated
Hernia sac and its contents protrude all the way through the defect
Complete
Defect present without sac or contents protruding completely through it
Incomplete
What is reducing a hernia “en masse”
Reducing the hernia contents and hernia sac
Hernia sac formed by the wall of a viscus (bladder/cecum)
Sliding hernia
Hernia involving a Meckel’s diverticulum
Littre’s hernia
Think alphabetically: Littre’s Meckel’s = LM
Hernia through the linea semilunaris; Also known as spontaneous lateral ventral hernia
Spigelian hernia
Hernia in or involving intra-abdominal structure
Internal hernia
Seen after bariatric gastric-bypass - internal herniation of small bowel through the mesenteric defect from the Roux limb
Petersen’s hernia
Hernia through obturator canal
Obturator hernia
females>males
Hernia sac exists as both a direct and indirect hernia straddling the inferior epigastric vessels
Pantaloon hernia
Hernia through an incisional site
Incisional hernia
most common cause is a wound infection
Incisional hernias on the ventral abdominal wall
Ventral hernia
Hernia adjacent to an ostomy
Parastomal hernia
Incarcerated or strangulated hernia involving only one sidewall of the bowel, which can spontaneously reduce
Richter’s hernia
Hernia through the linea alba above the umbilicus
Epigastric hernia
Hernia through the umbilical ring
Umbilical hernia
Inguinal hernia lateral to Hesselbach’s triangle
Indirect hernia
Hernia medial to femoral vessels (under inguinal ligament)
Femoral hernia
Hernia through esophageal hiatus
Hiatal hernia
What are the boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle
1 - inferior epigastric vessels
2 - inguinal ligament (Poupart’s)
3 - lateral border of the rectus sheath
What are the layers of the abdominal wall
skin
subcutaneous fat
scarpa’s fascia
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominus
transversalis fascia
preperitoneal fat
peritoneum
What is the differential diagnosis for a mass in a healed C-section incison
hernia - Endometrioma
