Colon and Rectum Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral peritoneal reflections of the ascending and descending colon

A

White lines of Toldt

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2
Q

What parts of the GI tract do not have a serosa

A

Esophagus
Middle and distal rectum

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3
Q

What are the major anatomic differences between the colon and the small bowel

A

Colon has teniae coli, haustra, and fat appendages; whereas, the small intestine is smooth

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4
Q

Identify A, B, and C

A

A = Superior mesenteric artery
B = Inferior mesenteric artery
C = Ileocolic artery

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5
Q

How are tumors staged

A

TMN staging system

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6
Q

What are the common preoperative IV antibiotics

A

Cefoxitin (Mefoxin), carbapenem*

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7
Q

What decides low anterior resection (LAR) versus abdominal perineal resection (APR)

A

Distance from the anal verge, pelvis size

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8
Q

Why is follow-up so important the first 3 postoperative years

A

90% of colorectal recurrences are within 3 years of surgery

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9
Q

Tissue growth into the bowel lumen, usually consisting of mucosa, submucosa, or both

A

Rectal polyps

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10
Q

How are polyps classified

A

Sessile (flat)
Pedunculated (on a stalk)

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11
Q

Where are most polyps found

A

Rectosigmoid (30%)

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12
Q

Condition in which diverticula can be found within the colon

A

Diverticulosis

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13
Q

What is the most common site for diverticulosis

A

95% of people with diverticulosis have sigmoid colon involvement

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14
Q

What are the associated lab findings with diverticulitis

A

Increased WBC

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15
Q

Is a colonoscopy safe in an acute diverticulitis setting

A

No - increased risk of perforation

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16
Q

What the most common fistula with diverticulitis

A

Colovesical fistula (to bladder)

17
Q

What is the best test for diverticulitis

A

CT scan

18
Q

What is the most common carcinoma of the anus

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (80%)
(think - ASS = Anal Squamous Superior)

19
Q

Anal fistula from rectum to perianal skin

A

Fistula in Ano

20
Q

Thick suture placed through fistula tract to allow slow transection of sphincter muscle

A

Seton

21
Q

Abscess formation around the anus/rectum

A

Perirectal abscess

22
Q

Tear of fissure in the anal epithelium

A

Anal Fissure

23
Q

What is the “rule of 90s” for anal fissures

A

90% occur posterior
90% heal with medical treatment
90% of patients heal successfully

24
Q

Engorgement of the venous plexuses of the rectum, anus, or both with protrusion of the mucosa, anal margin, or both

A

Hemorrhoids

25
Q

What condition is a contraindication for hemorrhoidectomy

A

Crohn’s disease

26
Q

What must be ruled out with lower GI bleeding believed to be caused by hemorrhoids

A

Conon cancer (colonoscopy)

27
Q

Bleeding distal to the ligament of Treitz, vast majority occurs in the colon

A

Lower GI bleeding