Colon and Rectum Flashcards
Lateral peritoneal reflections of the ascending and descending colon
White lines of Toldt
What parts of the GI tract do not have a serosa
Esophagus
Middle and distal rectum
What are the major anatomic differences between the colon and the small bowel
Colon has teniae coli, haustra, and fat appendages; whereas, the small intestine is smooth
Identify A, B, and C
A = Superior mesenteric artery
B = Inferior mesenteric artery
C = Ileocolic artery
How are tumors staged
TMN staging system
What are the common preoperative IV antibiotics
Cefoxitin (Mefoxin), carbapenem*
What decides low anterior resection (LAR) versus abdominal perineal resection (APR)
Distance from the anal verge, pelvis size
Why is follow-up so important the first 3 postoperative years
90% of colorectal recurrences are within 3 years of surgery
Tissue growth into the bowel lumen, usually consisting of mucosa, submucosa, or both
Rectal polyps
How are polyps classified
Sessile (flat)
Pedunculated (on a stalk)
Where are most polyps found
Rectosigmoid (30%)
Condition in which diverticula can be found within the colon
Diverticulosis
What is the most common site for diverticulosis
95% of people with diverticulosis have sigmoid colon involvement
What are the associated lab findings with diverticulitis
Increased WBC
Is a colonoscopy safe in an acute diverticulitis setting
No - increased risk of perforation