Breast Flashcards
Courses along the lateral chest wall in midaxillary line on serratus anterior muscle; innervates serratus anterior muscle
Long thoracic nerve
What 4 nerves must the surgeon be aware of during an axillary dissection
Long thoracic nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
Lateral pectoral nerve
Courses lateral to long thoracic nerve on latissimus dorsi muscle; innervates latissimus dorsi muscle
Thoracodorsal nerve
Runs lateral to or through the pectoral minor muscle, actually lateral to the lateral pectoral nerve; innervates the pectoral muscle and pectoral major muscles
Medial pectoral nerve
Runs medial to the medial pectoral nerve; innervates the pectoral major
Lateral pectoral nerve
What is the name of the deformity if you cut the long thoracic nerve
Winged scapula
What is the name of the cutaneous nerve that crosses the axilla in a transverse fashion (many surgeons try to preserve this nerve)
Intercostobrachial nerve
What is the name of the large vein that marks the upper limit of the axilla
Axillary vein
Nodes between the pectoralis major and minor muscles, not usually removed unless they are enlarged
Rotter’s nodes
What are the suspensory breast ligaments called
Cooper’s ligament
Which hormone is mainly responsible for breast milk production
Prolactin
What is the most common site of breast cancer
50% of cancers develop in the upper outer quadrants
What is the most common type of breast cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
What are the radiographic tests for breast cancer
Mammography and breast ultrasound, MRI
What hormone receptors must be checked for in the biopsy specimen
Estrogen and progresterone receptors
What staging system is used for breast cancer
TMN (Tumor/Metastases/Node)
What breast carcinomas are candidates for lumpectomy and radiation (breast conserving therapy)
Stages I and II
Breast, axillary nodes, and nipple areolar complex are removed
Pectoralis major and minor muscles are NOT removed
Modified radical mastectomy
Instead of removing all the axillary nodes, the primary draining or sentinel node is removed
Sentinel node biopsy
What are common options for breast reconstruction
TRAM flap
Implant
Latissimus dorsi flap
What is a TRAM flap
Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous flap
What does DCIS stand for
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Benign tumor of the breast consisting of stromal overgrowth, collagen arranged in swirls
Fibroadenoma
Common benign breast condition consisting of fibrous and cystic changes in the breast
Fibrocystic Disease
Enlargement of the male breast
Gynecomastia
