Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Courses along the lateral chest wall in midaxillary line on serratus anterior muscle; innervates serratus anterior muscle

A

Long thoracic nerve

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2
Q

What 4 nerves must the surgeon be aware of during an axillary dissection

A

Long thoracic nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
Lateral pectoral nerve

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3
Q

Courses lateral to long thoracic nerve on latissimus dorsi muscle; innervates latissimus dorsi muscle

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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4
Q

Runs lateral to or through the pectoral minor muscle, actually lateral to the lateral pectoral nerve; innervates the pectoral muscle and pectoral major muscles

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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5
Q

Runs medial to the medial pectoral nerve; innervates the pectoral major

A

Lateral pectoral nerve

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6
Q

What is the name of the deformity if you cut the long thoracic nerve

A

Winged scapula

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7
Q

What is the name of the cutaneous nerve that crosses the axilla in a transverse fashion (many surgeons try to preserve this nerve)

A

Intercostobrachial nerve

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8
Q

What is the name of the large vein that marks the upper limit of the axilla

A

Axillary vein

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9
Q

Nodes between the pectoralis major and minor muscles, not usually removed unless they are enlarged

A

Rotter’s nodes

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10
Q

What are the suspensory breast ligaments called

A

Cooper’s ligament

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11
Q

Which hormone is mainly responsible for breast milk production

A

Prolactin

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12
Q

What is the most common site of breast cancer

A

50% of cancers develop in the upper outer quadrants

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13
Q

What is the most common type of breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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14
Q

What are the radiographic tests for breast cancer

A

Mammography and breast ultrasound, MRI

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15
Q

What hormone receptors must be checked for in the biopsy specimen

A

Estrogen and progresterone receptors

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16
Q

What staging system is used for breast cancer

A

TMN (Tumor/Metastases/Node)

17
Q

What breast carcinomas are candidates for lumpectomy and radiation (breast conserving therapy)

A

Stages I and II

18
Q

Breast, axillary nodes, and nipple areolar complex are removed
Pectoralis major and minor muscles are NOT removed

A

Modified radical mastectomy

19
Q

Instead of removing all the axillary nodes, the primary draining or sentinel node is removed

A

Sentinel node biopsy

20
Q

What are common options for breast reconstruction

A

TRAM flap
Implant
Latissimus dorsi flap

21
Q

What is a TRAM flap

A

Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous flap

22
Q

What does DCIS stand for

A

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

23
Q

Benign tumor of the breast consisting of stromal overgrowth, collagen arranged in swirls

A

Fibroadenoma

24
Q

Common benign breast condition consisting of fibrous and cystic changes in the breast

A

Fibrocystic Disease

25
Q

Enlargement of the male breast

A

Gynecomastia