Heritage and Doctrine Flashcards
Six Areas that Comprise Navy Doctrine
Warefare, Intelligence, Operations, Logistics, Planning, and Command and Control
7 Principles of Navy Logistics
Flexibility, Economy, Attainability, Responsiveness, Simplicity, Sustainability, and Survivability
First Navy Ship Name after enlisted Man
USS Osmond Ingram; Ingram was the first enlisted man killed in action in WWI
First sub used in Naval Warfare
The Turtle, meant to be used to attached explosives to ship’s hull when in harbor. Was ultimately destroyed on transport.
First US flagship and who commanded it
Alfred, named after Alfred the Great. Commanded by Commodore Esek Hopkins
What led to the formation of the U.S. Navy
Congress created the Continental Navy in 1775 prior to and to use during the Revolutionary War. As the war came to an end, the lack of support and funding, the Navy was disbanded. Nearly a decade later, US merchants were exposed to pirates and the Naval Act was passed to reestablish the Navy in 1794.
Three Classes of Navy Vessels
Ships-of-the-Line: Battleship of the day; Largest; Carried 64-100 guns of various sizes
Frigates: Cruisers of the 18th Century; next in size, carried 28-44 guns
Sloops-of-War: small sailing warship, carried 10-20 guns
Military Customs and Courtesies
Hand Salute, Saluting the Ensign, Dipping the Ensign, Gun Salute: always in sets of odd numbers
Battle of the Coral Sea
Japanese and the U.S. launched all their planes against each other. They passed each other unseen in the clouds in the first world’s first carrier versus carrier battle. Japanese carrier was damaged. US carrier Lexington was sunk, the Yorktown was damaged
Voyage of the Great White Fleet
Exercise to demonstrate Naval Strength. Left Hampton Roads, VA to go on a world cruise to show the flag
Battle of Normandy
Largest amphibious operation in history
Battle of Midway
Turning point of the Pacific War. US breaking Japanese code was key element; Japanese sank the Yorktown
Battle of Guadalcanal
Navy policy was to place family members in separate ships. They made an exception for the 5 Sullivan brothers and they all died when the USS Juneau was torpedoed. The policy was reinstated after the incident
Battle Leyte Gulf
The last major naval battle in WWII. The Japanese lost the Phillipines.
Mercury 3
first manned Space flight
Gemeni 3
First U.S. two-manned space mission. First spacecraft to maneuver from one orbit to another; 3 Earth orbits
Apollo 11
First manned lunar landing
Apollo 17
Seventh and final lunar landing mission
STS-1
First orbital test flight of a space shuttle; All Navy Crew.
On-The-Roof- Gang
enlisted radio operators were trained to intercept and analyze foreign radio comms at a unique school located on the roof of the old Navy Department Building.
The Purple Code
PURPLE was a machine cipher system used by the Japanese for comms with major diplomatic posts
Battle of Midway
The Japanese planned to lure aircraft carriers into a trap and occupy Midway. American cryptographers determined the location and date of the planned attack and the U.S. Navy prepared its own ambush.
Attack on USS Liberty
USS Liberty found itself stuck in the middle of an Arab-Israeli war and was attacked by the Israeli. No cause was clear and Israel claimed an identification area.
Capture of USS Pueblo
North Koreans attacked the Pueblo. Once man was killed while destroying crypto material. Capture of the ship remains to this day as the largest single loss of such sensitive material
D-Day Landing
U.S. Allies conducted a deception operation using double agents and fake radio traffic.
Landing at Inchon
Seven days before the main attack on Inchon, a joint CIA-Military recon team was placed to gather info about the enemy and environment.
Hainan Island EP-3 Incident
U.S. Recon plane carrying a crew collided with a Chinese fighter, forcing the craft to make an emergency landing in China
Bletchley Park
Government Code and Cipher school was based in London but needed a safer place with Hitler on the move. Bletchley Park was the perfect location, named Station X, the Enigma Cipher was broken here.
Navajo Code Talkers
They took part in every assault the Marines conducted in the Pacific from 1942-1945, transmitted messages in their native tongue, a code the Japanese never broke
Attack on the USS Stark
During Iran-Iraq War, Iragi jet fighter fired missiles at the Stark. Only successful anti-ship missile attack on a U.S. Navy Warship
EC-121 Shoot down
USN EC-121 was on a SIGINT recon mission and was shot down by North Korean Aircraft over the Sea of Japan. Only debris were recovered during search and rescue
Qualities that characterize Navy/Marine Corps team as instruments to support national policies
Readiness
Flexibility
Self-sustainability
Mobility
Three Levels of War
Tactical
Operational
Strategic
National Security Act of 1947
Mandated major reorganization of foreign policy and military establishments of the U.S. Government. Act established the CIA, the War Department and the Navy Department merged into a single DoD under SecDef
When and Why current values were developed
In 1992, CNO Kelso adopted the Navy core values Honor, Courage, and Commitment to provide principles to guide our Sailors
When and Why Sailor’s creed was developed
Written by the Blue Ribbon Recruit Training Panel in 1993 at Admiral Frank’s direction and that every recruit be given a copy and commit it to memory.
Grace Hopper’s contributions to the Navy
Joined and retired, then joined and retired a second time.
pioneered computers and programming.
coined the terms “bug” and “debugged”
Name of the first computer and its location
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) developed by Professor John Antanasoff at Iowa State. Never became fully functional. The ENIAC was the first functional computer at the University of Pennsylvania
ARPANET and when it was developed
ARPA (Advance Research Projects Agency) was developed by President Eisenhower to respond to USSR’s launch of Sputnik. ARPANET was the Computer Network Project and the start of the internet
Impact of the John Walker espionage case
CWO Walker led the most devastating spy rings ever unmasked in the US. Him, with his brother, son, and friend compromised US Navy Crypto systems and classified info from 1967-1985. single most damaging espionage case involving the U.S. Navy
oldest intelligence organization in the U.S. Navy
Office of Naval Intelligence
When the ONI was founded and by whom it was founded
Established on March 23, 1882 by William Hunt, SecNav
The first CIO/DNI
Chief Intelligence Officer Theodorus Bailey Meyers Mason
Two Departments combined to form the ONI
Department Library and Office of Intelligence
Alan Turing’s contribution to Information Warfare field
Invented the Turing Machine: precursor to modern computer
developed two of the first post war computers
deciphered critical comms from the Germans
Developed Turing Math that enabled computers to solve any equation.
Credited with pioneering what we know now as Artificical Intelligence and a test against human intelligence “Turing Test”
