Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

Biology break
all living things are made up of cells
humans have around 23,000
chemical recipes for every aspect of human development
affect everything but determine nothing

Question 2

Gametes

Answer 2

Reproductive cells
sperm/ovum
23 chromosomes in each gamete cell

Question 3

Zygote

Answer 3

Combine to form a single cell at conception
46 chromosomes in the cell

Question 4

DNA Molecules

Answer 4

genetic material
organized into genes
stored on chromosomes
each person is supposed to have 23 chromosomes from each parent

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

entire set of DNA instructions found in cells that make up a living organism

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

genetic interitance
receipt of alleles determines this

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

manifestation/expression of genotype
expression of alleles determines this (dominate or recessive)

Question 8

Behavioral Genetics (epigenetics)

Answer 8

Environmental factors affect genes and expression
genes dictate life span
genes can modify based on the environment
outcome of genetic interaction is difficult to predict

Question 9

Gene Expression

Answer 9

dominant gene-linked
recessive gene-linked
sex gene-linked

Question 10

dominate trait

Answer 10

v-shaped hairline
almond shaped eyes
detached earlobes
dark hair
brown eyes

Question 11

recessive trait

Answer 11

straight hairline
round eyes
left handedness
attached earlobes
blond or red hair
blue eyes

Question 12

genetic disorders

Answer 12

run in families
heart diseases, asthma, diabetes, cancer, single gene disorders
-some are more noticeable
-some are health illness and some are mental health illness
-nobody is to blame

Question 13

epigenetics

Answer 13

DNA is not your destiny
goes beyond genetic inheritance
enivornment plays a role

Question 14

prenatal growth

Answer 14

most dramatic and extensive transformation of entire life occurs before birth

Question 15

germinal, embryonic period, and fetal period

Answer 15

first two weeks-conception to implantation
week 3-central nervous system
week 4-heart and face
week5-arms and legs
week 6-hands and feet
week 7-fingers, toes, and inner organs
week 8- all boidly structures are in place
week 9-brain maturation and weight gain

Question 16

age of viability

Answer 16

age at which a premature baby can survive outside in the universe

Question 17

Teratogens

Answer 17

scientific study or risk analysis in life
anything can disrupt development of embryo/fetus
it depends on genotype dosage and timing
the impact is not always evident at birth

Question 18

child brith: stage one-dialation

Answer 18

phase 1-early 0-6 cm
phase 2-6-8 cm
phase transition to 8-10 cm

Question 19

child birth: stage 2-4

Answer 19

stage 2-pushing
stage 3-placenta
stage 4-recovery

Question 20

birth plan

Answer 20

public vs. private
hospital vs. home
hyno-birthing vs. hydro birthday
cultural influence

Question 21

parent alliance

Answer 21

connection between the caregiver to help take care of the new life
there could be lack of parenting like a single mother
other siblings
jobs

Question 22

infant mortality

Answer 22

7 out of 1000 births in the US end in this
15 industrialized nations have lower infant morality than the US
can be effected by: nutrition, environment, access to care, quality of care, and expectations for working mothers