Early childhood

Question 1

growth spurts-continuous

Answer 1

2 yrs: 23-28lbs and 33-35in
3 yrs: large head, large stomach, and short arms and legs
6 yrs: 40-50lbs and 44-77in, torso lengthened, body proportions like those of an adult

Question 2

growth spurts-discontinuous

Answer 2

slim down and the lower body lengthens
fat turns into muscle
weight to high: lowest BMI than any other age
changing body proportions enable many new motor skills

Question 3

childrens art Kellog 1969

Answer 3

2 yrs: 20 different scribbles
3 yrs: scribbles to create shapes and combine to create more complex images
4-5 yrs: images are recognizable representation of the world
lack of self-consciousness

Question 4

brain development

Answer 4

size of cortex grows from 75% to 95% of adult weight so there is advancements in language and social understanding

Question 5

brain development- pruning

Answer 5

the brain removes neurons it does not need
this process has already occurred and is continuing to do so
this leads to more brain functioning abilities

Question 6

speed of thought

Answer 6

how long it takes to be consciously aware of sensory information
actions and reactions speed up in the brain and motor skills
improvements in processing time, reasoning, and coordination

Question 7

prodigious new learning

Answer 7

simple to more elaborate
learning new concepts of tomorrow, time, size, distance and blending, and fact/fiction

Question 8

fast mapping

Answer 8

mental process to support language learning
each new word becomes it own category
makes it easier to map other words
new concept forms on a single exposure
each category becomes more specific as the map grows
reorganization
each category might not be precise

Question 9

Piaget-schemas

Answer 9

a way to organize information

Question 10

Piaget-assimilation

Answer 10

Fit new information into exsiting schemas

Question 11

Piaget-Accomidations

Answer 11

revise existing schemas

Question 12

pre-operational thought

Answer 12

using language and imagination together as a symbolic thought
no longer limited to senses and motor skills

Question 13

pretend play

Answer 13

object has qualities beyond the way it was designed to function
children lean as they pretend and experiment
but its not logical

Question 14

pre-operational thought - conversational erros

Answer 14

difficulty classifying objects in more than one way

Question 15

pre-operational thought- centration

Answer 15

focus on one aspects

Question 16

pre-operational thought-egocentrism

Answer 16

self centeredness

Question 17

irreversibility

Answer 17

what is already done cannot be undone

Question 18

pretend play-animis

Answer 18

natural objects and phenomena are alive
rational and magical ideas work together
magical thinking can initially be a coping mechanism
this can cause confusion

Question 19

Theory of Mind

Answer 19

Beginning to understand purpose of life on an individual role and other peoples role
the ability to think about other peoples thoughts

Question 20

Theory of mind-social intelligence

Answer 20

recognize people can think differently
understand and be empathetic towards others
anticipate peoples actions

Question 21

theory of mind- brain maturation and language influency

Answer 21

prefrontal cortex
vocabulary to process ones own feelings and emotions and other peoples as well

Question 22

Parten’s 3 types of unsocial play

Answer 22

unoccupied: random and without a specific goal
solitary: play by themselves with no interaction from others
onlooker: observing other children playing

Question 23

Parten’s 3 types of social play

Answer 23

parallel: play alongside one another and use similar toys but no direct interaction
association: using the same toys but do not have the same common goal
cooperative: interacting to achieve the same common goal

Question 24

Eriksons initiation vs. guilt

Answer 24

children begin to assert power and control over the world through play and social interaction
trust and autonomy develop a desire to take initiative through ideas or actions
caregivers can praise efforts and avoid critics to reinforce taking initiative

Question 25

Authoritarian

Answer 25

my way or the highway
obedient, not happy,
can cause child to be depressed or rebel later on
this happens when tired

Question 26

Permissive

Answer 26

the child calls the shots
lack of self control and inadequate emotional regulation
fare quite well later on
has never heard the word no

Question 27

Authoritative

Answer 27

happy balence of parental rules and child input
happy parent and child generous with others
successful early and later on
this happens when energetic

Question 28

Uninvolved

Answer 28

physically or emotionally not present
immature
sad
at risk for abuse early and later on

Question 29

parenting styles

Answer 29

do not follow any one model completely
may reflect from their parents
depends on how many parents are in the house
can change from one child to the next
can change by scenario