Heredity and Sexual Reproduction Remastered Flashcards
What’s the deal with heredity?
Heredity’s the passing down of traits from parent to offspring
What are the 4 foundations of heredity?
Can you briefly explain how they are all interconnected?
The 4 foundations of heredity are DNA, chromosomes, genes, and traits. In the nucleus of the cell are chromosomes which are knit together by DNA and areas of DNA are genes. Genes (DNA) code for traits.
How does DNA “code” for traits anyway?
DNA codes for traits by regulating the use of genes, certain parts of DNA, that hold the genetic code of traits.
Can you explain everything that’s going in this image?
Why are the nitrogen bases that are in nucleotides so important for an organism? What are the 2 factors that make it so important anyway?
Nitrogen bases are so important in nucleotides because of their order they are placed in nucleotides as well as the number of bases that can determine the physical traits of an organism
What do genes specifically code to code for traits?
Genes specifically code for proteins that are significant in the makeup or function of traits of an organism
What 4 roles do proteins play in for them to be important in trait-building?
Proteins function in the:
- transport in an organism
- organism’s structure
- enzymes of an organism
- biochemical defense (immune system)
1) How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?
2) What cells in the human body are an exception to this and why?
1) Humans have 46 chromosomes in every body cell
2) Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) are an exception having only 23 chromosomes and they combine to yield an offspring’s 46 chromosomes
What’s the big deal with diploid* and *haploid cells?
Which cells (specifically in the human body) are haploid or diploid?
Diploid cells are cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes (46 chromosomes) in their nucleus while haploid cells only have 1 set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes) in their nucleus.
Gamete cells, which are sex cells, are haploid cells while any other cell in the human body other than gamete cells, somatic cells, are diploid cells.
1) Briefly explain sexual reproduction and what is needed to make it happen.
2) What is the result of sexual reproduction?
1) Sexual reproduction is the combination of two necessary cells, the sperm and egg cells. The egg cells becomes fertilized by the sperm cell.
2) a zygote
What’s the deal with ploidy?
Ploidy is the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell
What’s cellular differentiation and what does it do for growing organisms?
Cellular differentiation is the process in which a cell changes from a basic stem cell into a specialized cell with a unique purpose/function.
This process can grow a zygote into a multicellular organism with functional organs.
What’s the deal with this image and how it relates to DNA?
The two faces of nucleotides are twisted together to make the stranded DNA shape of the double-helix
