Heredity Flashcards
Picture of chromosome arranged in pairs
Karyotype
Two of the 46 chromosomes
Sex chromosomes
XY
Males
XX
Females
The remaining 44 chromosomes
Autosomes
Full set of genetic information on DNA
Genome
A chart that shows how a human trait is transmitted through through different family generations
Pedigree
Several genes are responsible for blood groups but the best known are the ABO blood groups and Rh blood group
Blood Group Genes
Rh+
Dominant
Rh-
Recessive
a rare inherited metabolic disorder that affects the body’s ability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine
PKU
results in a nervous system breakdown and early death
Tay-Sachs
Lack of skin pigmentation (autosomal recessive)
Albino
a genetic disease that causes thick mucus to build up in the body, leading to breathing and digestion problems.
Cystic Fibrosis
Form of dwarfism
Achondroplasia
Caused by a dominant allele for a protein found in brain cells
Huntington’s Disease
an inherited blood disorder that causes abnormal red blood cells
Sickle Cell Disease
Located on the x or y chromosome. Most sex-linked genes are found on the x chromosome
Sex-linked genes
Inability to distinguish certain colors
Colorblindness
a rare, inherited bleeding disorder that prevents blood from clotting properly
Hemophilia
Progressive weakening and loss of skeletal muscle
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
a process that silences one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals
X chromosome inactivation
a condensed, inactive X chromosome found in the nuclei of female cells
Barr bodies
a genetic condition that arises due to an abnormality in the number or structure of chromosomes within a cell
Chromosomal disorders
