Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Making changes in the DNA of a living organism

Answer 1

Genetic Engineering

Question 2

Allowing only the animals with desired traits to produce the next generation

Answer 2

Selective Breeding

Question 3

The process of combining two different parent species to create an offspring that is genetically similar to both parent organisms

Answer 3

Hybridization

Question 4

The individuals produced by hybridization

Answer 4

Hybrids

Question 5

The continued breeding of closely related organisms. This causes greater chance of genetic defect

Answer 5

Inbreeding

Question 6

A process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism
-You can cut DNA using restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

Answer 6

Manipulating DNA

Question 7

Finds the sequence CTTAAG on DNA and cuts it

Answer 7

EcoR I

Question 8

Process that involves using electric currents to separate certain biological molecules by size
- Used to compare genomes (genetic composition) of different organisms

Answer 8

Gel Electrophoresis

Question 9

The process of identifying the order of the nucleotide bases that make up a DNA strand by separating pieces of DNA exposing them to dyes for each of the bases

Answer 9

Reading DNA

Question 10

Produced by combining DNA from different sources

Answer 10

Recombinant DNA

Question 11

A small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other microscopic organisms. It can replicate independently from a cell’s chromosomal DNA

Answer 11

Plasmid

Question 12

Organisms that are genetically identical to other species

Answer 12

Transgenic Organism

Question 13

An organism that is genetically identical to another

Answer 13

Clone

Question 14

Placing a nucleus from a donor cell into another recipient cell

Answer 14

Nuclear Transplantation

Question 15

Replacing an absent or faulty gene with a normal working gene

Answer 15

Gene Therapy

Question 16

Testing to see if two prospective parents carry the alleles for a genetic disorder

Answer 16

Genetic Testing

Question 17

A field of counseling that looks at genetic risk factors and helps potential parents make decisions about having children

Answer 17

Genetic Counseling

Question 18

The question of whether or not you have ownership over your DNA

Answer 18

Genetic Ownership

Question 19

(GM) things that contain modified genes

Answer 19

Genetic Modification

Question 20

Contains an increased amount of vitamin A

Answer 20

Golden Rice

Question 21

“father of genetics” – laid the foundations of the science of genetics

Answer 21

Gregor Mendel

Question 22

Specific characteristics that vary from one individual to another
- Each original pair of plants = P (parental generation)
- Their offspring are called the F1 generation (first filial)
- F2 (second filial) generation

Answer 22

Trait

Question 23

The offspring of crosses between parents of different species

Answer 23

Hybrid

Question 24

The chemical factors that determine traits

Answer 24

Genes

Question 25

Different forms of a gene that exist for a particular trait

Answer 25

Alleles

Question 26

A reproductive cell that carries half the genetic information of an organism, combining with another gamete during fertilization

Answer 26

Gamete

Question 27

States that some alleles are dominant and some are not

Answer 27

Principle of Dominance

Question 28

Separation of alleles during the gamete formation

Answer 28

Segregation

Question 29

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

Answer 29

Probability

Question 30

A diagram that shows the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross

Answer 30

Punnett Square

Question 31

Organisms that have 2 identical alleles for a trait

Answer 31

Homozygous

Question 32

When genes have more that two alleles

Answer 32

Multiple alleles

Question 33

Traits controlled by 2 or more genes that interact to produce a range of phenotypes

Answer 33

Polygenic Traits

Question 34

An American Geneticist known for his work on fruit flies, demonstrating the principles of heredity and the chromosomal theory of inheritance

Answer 34

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 35

Chromosomes are the physical basis of heredity and that genes are located on chromosomes

Answer 35

Chromosome theory of inheritance

Question 36

Phenotype

Answer 36

Physical appearance

Question 37

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

Answer 37

Heterozygous

Question 38

Genetic makeup

Answer 38

Genotype

Question 39

The principle stating that alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another during gamete formation

Answer 39

Principle of Independent Assortment

Question 40

A genetic situation where one allele does not completely dominate another, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend of both alleles

Answer 40

Incomplete dominance

Question 41

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype

Answer 41

Codominance