heredity

Question 1

What is Heredity?

Answer 1

The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring.

Question 2

What is Variation?

Answer 2

Differences among individuals belonging to the same species.

Question 3

What is Genetics?

Answer 3

The branch of biology that studies hereditary information.

Question 4

What are the Branches of Genetics?

Answer 4

Mendelian/Molecular/Population Genetics

Question 5

What is Mendelian Genetics?

Answer 5

Reviews the basic laws of inheritance described by Gregor Mendel; he used garden peas as a model organism.

Question 6

What is Molecular Genetics

Answer 6

Deals with the chemical nature of genes;mechanisms of transmission;and applications.

Question 7

What is Population Genetics?

Answer 7

Studies the behavior of a particular gene in a group of organisms and the impact of environmental factors on genes.

Question 8

What is a Gene?

Answer 8

A segment of DNA that is the basic functional and structural unit of heredity.

Question 9

What does Chromosome carry?

Answer 9

Carries DNA in cells.

Question 10

What is DNA?

Answer 10

Responsible for building and maintaining human structure.

Question 11

What is a Genotype?

Answer 11

The set of genes an organism carries.

Question 12

What is a Phenotype?

Answer 12

The expressed and observable trait.

Question 13

What is an Allele?

Answer 13

An alternative form of a gene.

Question 14

What is Homozygous?

Answer 14

Has two identical copies of the same allele for a particular trait.HH;hh

Question 15

What is Heterozygous?

Answer 15

Has two different copies of alleles for a particular trait.Hh

Question 16

What does homozyous Dominant look like?

Answer 16

RR:HH:WW

Question 17

What does a Recessive look like?

Answer 17

rr;hh;ww

Question 18

Who is Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884)?

Answer 18

A botanist; teacher;and Augustinian prelate;first person to lay the mathematical foundation of genetics.

Question 19

What is the Garden Peas (Pisum sativum) and why peas?

Answer 19

Mendel used garden peas as his model organism for his experiments due to their: Observable traits with contrasting forms;High offspring production in one cross;short life cycle and generation time;Ease in manipulating pollination.

Question 20

What is Monohybrid Inheritance?

Answer 20

Inheritance involving one pair of contrasting alleles.

Question 21

What is a Monohybrid Cross?

Answer 21

A cross involving the inheritance of only one trait.

Question 22

How is Pure Breeding produced?

Answer 22

Produces only one form of a particular trait when self-fertilized.

Question 23

What is a Punnett Square?

Answer 23

Introduced by Reginald Punnet; a diagram used to predict the expected results of a genetic cross by considering all possible combinations of gametes.

Question 24

What is the Unit Factors in Pairs?

Answer 24

Genetic characters are controlled by unit factors (genes) that exist in pairs in individual organisms.

Question 25

What is the Law of Dominance?

Answer 25

In a heterozygote;one trait will conceal the presence of another trait for the same characteristic;Recessive alleles only show their effect if the individual has 2 copies of the allele.

Question 26

What is the Law of Segregation?

Answer 26

2 alleles of one trait segregate from each other during gamete formation.

Question 27

Who hypothesized that inherited traits could be traced to the production of egg and sperm cells during meiosis?

Answer 27

Mandel

Question 28

What is the Law of Independent Assortment?

Answer 28

Alleles of two or more different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another.

Question 29

Does the inheritance of one trait affect the inheritance of another trait?

Answer 29

Mendel made crosses of 2 identical pairs;and concluded that inheritance of one trait is NOT affected by the inheritance of another trait.

Question 30

What is Dihybrid Cross?

Answer 30

A cross that involves two different pairs of traits.

Question 31

What is Non-Mendelian Inheritance?

Answer 31

Traits that do not segregate in accordance with Mendel's laws.

Question 32

What is Incomplete Dominance?

Answer 32

A cross between organisms with two different phenotypes that produce offspring with a third phenotype different from both parents. (exmp: half blue and red flower from red flower and blue flower)

Question 33

What is Codominance?

Answer 33

Both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed. (exmp: purple flower from red flower n blue flower)

Question 34

What are Multiple Alleles?

Answer 34

A gene can have more than a pair of alleles that controls the expression of traits.

Question 35

What are the types of Sex-Related Inheritance?

Answer 35

Sex-linked; sex-influenced;sex-limited

Question 36

What areSex-Linked Traits?

Answer 36

Genes that go along with either the X or Y chromosome.

Question 37

What are Sex-Influenced Traits?

Answer 37

Autosomal traits expressed more in one sex than the other.

Question 38

What are Sex-Limited Traits?

Answer 38

Autosomal traits expressed only in one sex.