Heredity Flashcards
multiple alleles
having more than 2 alleles for a trait (blood type)
polygenic traits
traits that have many genes that code for a trait (based on amount of dominate alleles present)(eye color)
sex-linked traits
traits whose genes are located on the sex chromosomes (hemophilia)
incomplete dominance
neither trait is completely dominant over the other (red, pink, white)
codominance
both alleles are expressed in the phenotype (black, black and white, white)
law of dominance
when a dominant allele is present, it is expressed
DNA monomer
Nucleotides
Carbohydrates monomer
sugars
protein monomer
amino acids
lipid monomer
fatty acids
mutagen
a substance that can cause mutations
mutation
a change in an organisms DNA
nondisjunction
a mistake in division that causes an abnormal number of chromosomes in each cell
gene mutation
a mutation that affects a single gene
chromosomal mutation
a mutation that affects multiple genes or an entire chromosome
Lack of skin and hair pigment
Albinism
Excessive mucous production
Cystic Fibrosis
Late fife mental deterioration
Huntington’s
Having an extra 21st pair of chromosomes that causes varying degrees of mental retardation
Down Syndrome
Inability to distinguish certain colors
Color Blindness
Misshaped red blood cells
Sickle Cell Anemia
Build up of fat in the brain
Tay Sachs
Males with an extra X chromosome that results in a hormone imbalance
Kleinfelter’s Syndrome
Inability of blood to clot
Hemophilia
Females with only one X chromosome that results in infertility
Turner’s Syndrome
Male
XY
Female
XX
male symbol
square
carrier symbol:
half shaded
Marriage / mating symbol
horizontal line from 2 people
Someone who does not have the trait symbol
unshaded shape
Someone who does have the trait
shaded shape
Female symbol
circle
A black bull and a white cow are crossed. Half of the offspring are black and half are black and white spotted. What type of dominance controls hair color in the cows?
codominace
