Cell Division Flashcards
Why are checkpoints important throughout the cell cycle?
they make sure that the cell has no mistakes as it divides, so that any daughter cells formed are functional
What is the stage of the cell cycle when the cytoplasm of a cell actually splits and two daughter cells are formed?
cytokinesis
Which of the following are parts of mitosis?
metaphase, telophase, prophase, anaphase
Differentiation can be described as
the process by which stem cells develop a specific purpose and become a specialized cell
Cancer cells are your own cells dividing uncontrollably? true or false
true
A benign tumor can be described as
a mass of abnormal cells that does not move beyond its original location
Anaphase description:
Sister chromatids are pulled apart from each other and migrate to opposite poles / ends of the cell
Telophase description:
Chromatids are at opposite ends of the cell and a new nucleus begins to form around each set of chromatids
Metaphase description:
Sister chromatids are pulled to the equator and line up in the middle of the cell
Prophase description:
Sister chromatids first become visible and the nuclear membrane begins to break down
Daughter cells that are formed by mitosis have _______________chromosomes as the parent cell
the same number of
Apoptosis is
a process in which a cell should destroy itself if an error is found and cannot be fixed, programmed cell death, and the destruction of a cell that has/contains an error
Place the phases of mitosis in order, starting with what happens immediately after interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
Put the phases of the cell cycle in the correct order, starting with the phase that happens immediately after a new cell is formed.
G1
S
G2
M
Cancer is the result of
cells that divide uncontrollably
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate itself?
Interphase - Synthesis
Mitosis produces daughter cells that are _______ to their parents, which means that they have the exact same ________. These daughter cells are __________, or body cells. Unlike mitosis, meiosis forms daughter cells that have __________ the DNA of their parent cell. These cells made during meiosis are called _________.
identical
DNA
somatic
half
gametes
Which of the following is not true about stem cells?
only embryonic stem cells can differentiate
Stem cells can become any type of cell in the body?
true or false?
true
Organisms use the process of mitosis for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
differentiation
Which of the following is an argument that supports the use of embryonic stem cells?
they can be used to cure diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimers
A malignant tumor can be described as
a mass of abnormal cells that can spread from where it originated
Golgi Body
Packages and ships the proteins to be exported from the cell
Mitochondria
Breaks down glucose to give the cell energy (ATP)
Cell Wall
Provides shape and support for plant cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The highway used to transport materials throughout the cell
Chloroplast
A structure in plants that captures energy from the sun and converts it into glucose
Vacuole
Stores substances inside the cell (water, nutrients)
Cell Membrane
Controls what can enter or leave the cell
Ribosomes
Make proteins
Nucleus
Control center of the cell that directs all of the cells activities
Vesicle
The pouch that moves materials around the cell (sac)
Cytoplasm
Fluid, jelly like substance that holds the organelles
Microtubules
Forms the cytoskeleton of the cell and enables organelles to move in the cell
In order for a virus to reproduce it must invade a cell that becomes the ________ for the virus
host cell
DNA is found in a double helix in what type of cell?
eukaryote
A virus is a type of cell and is considered living.
true or false:
false
Prokaryotic cell that is usually round and simple
Bacteria cell
Eukaryotic cell that contains a cell wall and multiple nuclei
Fungal cell
Eukaryotic cell that is round and contains lysosomes and centrioles
Animal cell
Eukaryotic cell that is boxy and contains chloroplast and cell wall
Plant cell
A cell that does not have a nucleus and usually forms unicellular organisms represents what type of cell?
prokaryote
Bacteria is an example of what type(s) of cell(s)?
prokaryotic
More complex, larger in size, and usually forms multicellular organisms would best describe what type of cell?
eukaryote
Animal cells, plant cells, and fungal cells are examples of what type of cell?
eukaryotic
What organelles are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, ribosome
Which of the following are found in eukaryotic cells only?
endoplasmic reticulum
vacuoles
golgi body
vesicle
mitochondria
nucleus
cytoskeleton
Select all that apply. Which organelles are found in prokaryotic cells?
cell membrane
ribosome
genetic material
nucleoid
nucleoid
