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biology eoc study guide > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

Why are checkpoints important throughout the cell cycle?

A

they make sure that the cell has no mistakes as it divides, so that any daughter cells formed are functional

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2
Q

What is the stage of the cell cycle when the cytoplasm of a cell actually splits and two daughter cells are formed?

A

cytokinesis

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3
Q

Which of the following are parts of mitosis?

A

metaphase, telophase, prophase, anaphase

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4
Q

Differentiation can be described as

A

the process by which stem cells develop a specific purpose and become a specialized cell

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5
Q

Cancer cells are your own cells dividing uncontrollably? true or false

A

true

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6
Q

A benign tumor can be described as

A

a mass of abnormal cells that does not move beyond its original location

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7
Q

Anaphase description:

A

Sister chromatids are pulled apart from each other and migrate to opposite poles / ends of the cell

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8
Q

Telophase description:

A

Chromatids are at opposite ends of the cell and a new nucleus begins to form around each set of chromatids

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9
Q

Metaphase description:

A

Sister chromatids are pulled to the equator and line up in the middle of the cell

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10
Q

Prophase description:

A

Sister chromatids first become visible and the nuclear membrane begins to break down

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11
Q

Daughter cells that are formed by mitosis have _______________chromosomes as the parent cell

A

the same number of

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12
Q

Apoptosis is

A

a process in which a cell should destroy itself if an error is found and cannot be fixed, programmed cell death, and the destruction of a cell that has/contains an error

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13
Q

Place the phases of mitosis in order, starting with what happens immediately after interphase

A

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

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14
Q

Put the phases of the cell cycle in the correct order, starting with the phase that happens immediately after a new cell is formed.

A

G1
S
G2
M

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15
Q

Cancer is the result of

A

cells that divide uncontrollably

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16
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate itself?

A

Interphase - Synthesis

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17
Q

Mitosis produces daughter cells that are _______ to their parents, which means that they have the exact same ________. These daughter cells are __________, or body cells. Unlike mitosis, meiosis forms daughter cells that have __________ the DNA of their parent cell. These cells made during meiosis are called _________.

A

identical
DNA
somatic
half
gametes

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18
Q

Which of the following is not true about stem cells?

A

only embryonic stem cells can differentiate

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19
Q

Stem cells can become any type of cell in the body?
true or false?

A

true

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20
Q

Organisms use the process of mitosis for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A

differentiation

21
Q

Which of the following is an argument that supports the use of embryonic stem cells?

A

they can be used to cure diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimers

22
Q

A malignant tumor can be described as

A

a mass of abnormal cells that can spread from where it originated

23
Q

Golgi Body

A

Packages and ships the proteins to be exported from the cell

24
Q

Mitochondria

A

Breaks down glucose to give the cell energy (ATP)

25
Q

Cell Wall

A

Provides shape and support for plant cells

26
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

The highway used to transport materials throughout the cell

27
Q

Chloroplast

A

A structure in plants that captures energy from the sun and converts it into glucose

28
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores substances inside the cell (water, nutrients)

29
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Controls what can enter or leave the cell

30
Q

Ribosomes

A

Make proteins

31
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center of the cell that directs all of the cells activities

32
Q

Vesicle

A

The pouch that moves materials around the cell (sac)

33
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fluid, jelly like substance that holds the organelles

34
Q

Microtubules

A

Forms the cytoskeleton of the cell and enables organelles to move in the cell

35
Q

In order for a virus to reproduce it must invade a cell that becomes the ________ for the virus

A

host cell

36
Q

DNA is found in a double helix in what type of cell?

A

eukaryote

37
Q

A virus is a type of cell and is considered living.
true or false:

A

false

38
Q

Prokaryotic cell that is usually round and simple

A

Bacteria cell

39
Q

Eukaryotic cell that contains a cell wall and multiple nuclei

A

Fungal cell

40
Q

Eukaryotic cell that is round and contains lysosomes and centrioles

A

Animal cell

41
Q

Eukaryotic cell that is boxy and contains chloroplast and cell wall

A

Plant cell

42
Q

A cell that does not have a nucleus and usually forms unicellular organisms represents what type of cell?

A

prokaryote

43
Q

Bacteria is an example of what type(s) of cell(s)?

A

prokaryotic

44
Q

More complex, larger in size, and usually forms multicellular organisms would best describe what type of cell?

A

eukaryote

45
Q

Animal cells, plant cells, and fungal cells are examples of what type of cell?

A

eukaryotic

46
Q

What organelles are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, ribosome

47
Q

Which of the following are found in eukaryotic cells only?

A

endoplasmic reticulum
vacuoles
golgi body
vesicle
mitochondria
nucleus
cytoskeleton

48
Q

Select all that apply. Which organelles are found in prokaryotic cells?

A

cell membrane
ribosome
genetic material
nucleoid
nucleoid

biology eoc study guide (8 decks)

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