Herbs and spices Examen2021 Flashcards by gabriela mena

What is a herb

Is the fresh or dried leave of aromatic plants

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What is a spice

Is the dried parts of aromatic plants with the exception of leaves

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How many types of classes there is on a conventional classification of spices

5 classes: hot spices, mild spices, aromatic spices, herbs, aromatics vegetables

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Give an example of hot spices

Capsicum, cayenne pepper, black and white peppers, ginger

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Give an example of mild spices

Paprika and coriander

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Give an example of aromatic spices

Allspice, cardamom, cassia, cinnamon, clove, cumin, dill, fennel, nutmeg, mace

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Give an example of herbs

Basil, bay leaves, dill leaves, marjoram, tarragon, thyme

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Give an example of aromatic vegetables

Onion, garlic shallot, celery

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Is cinnamon an herb or an spice

An spice

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Who is the biggest importer of spice

USA

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Who is the largest producer

India

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Spice was first used for what?

For meat preservation, but onion and garlic was used for preserve their health and cinnamon to embalm the dead

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Herbs and spices are used for what

Enhance flavour, and taste of foods
Used in perfumery, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries
Antimicrobials and antioxidants

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What is the colour of caratenoids and what herbs or spices there is

Tint: reddish orange

Herb or spice: red pepper, mustard, paprika, saffron

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What is the color of violaxathin and what is the herb or spice used

Tiny: orange

Herb or spice: parsley, sweet pepper

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What is the color of curcumin and what is the herb or spice used

Tint : orange yellow,

Herb or piece : turmeric

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What is the color of chlorophylls and what is the herb or spice used

Tint : green

Herb or spice: herbs

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Herbs can help replace what?

Sodium, sugar, and artificial colours and flavours

You can replace salt with what

With lemon juices, vinegar

Herbs and spices has 2 functions. What is it?

Antioxidant and antimicrobial

What is the antioxidants functions on herbs and spices?

Antioxidants are added to food to preserve the lipids components, phenolic compounds are the primary antioxidants present in spices.
Rosemary is widely used as antioxidants.
oregano, thyme, marjoram, sage, basil, coriander, posses antioxidants properties better than those of the synthetic antioxidant butylated Hydroxytoluene

What is the antimicrobial function of herbs and spices?

Some are inhibitory to some pathogenic and spoilage, like oregano and thyme.

How to use spices in recipes

They are added early in the cooking process to let flavour blend

How to get spices more flavour

Use whole spices and bring them before use to release the volatile compounds that enhance flavour

How to store spices

Store away from direct heat sources, at room temperature, in the dark

How to use herbs in recipes

Fresh herbs are best added to dishes with a short cooking time or toward end of cooking . Dried herbs are ideal for longer cooking times

How to chose to use fresh or dried herbs

``` Tender herbs (basil, parsley) tend to taste better fresh. stronger herbs ( rosemary, oregano) taste better when their flavours are more concentrated through drying. ```

Do spices have a shelf life ?

No, they lose their potency after a long period of time Whole spices stay fresh for 4 years Ground spice for 2 years Fresh spices for one week

What is the overall health benefits of herbs and spices? And where they are derive from?

Antioxidants, anti inflammatory, antitumorigenic, anticarcimogenic, and glucose and cholesterol lowering actives. Properties that affect cognition and mood And they are derive from bio active constituents

What is an evidence that’s makes difficult to know really the health benefit of spices and herbs?

Their use is varied, the quantity, they are consumed with other foods

What is the reactive component of chilli pepper?

Capsaicinoids and capsinoids

What is the possible benefits of chilli pepper?

Reduced total and certain cause-specif mortality Capsaicin has antioxidants properties and pontes tail un reducing stress

The bioactive components of chilli pepper may?

Defend against heart disease, help with better diabetes control, help weight management by increasing satiety and fullness, reduce energy and fat intake, protect against ulcers

What is the bioactive components of cinnamon?

Essentials oils, poly phenols and flavonoids

What is the possible benefits of cinnamon

``` Reduce oxidative stress, reduce blood triglycerides and total cholesterol, protect against metabolic syndrome, reduce blood pressure, glucose control, neuro protective effects ```

What is the bioactive components of ginger?

Gingerols, shagaols, paradols, and zingerone

Possible benefits of ginger

Reduces nausea/vomiting in pregnancy and chemotherapy Reduces inflammation Reduces LDL cholesterol and triglycerides Reduces muscle pain after exercice Helps with diabetes control Helpers with weight loss Neuroprotective

What is the bioactive components of black pepper?

Piperine

Possible benefits of black pepper

Reduces oxidative stress Reduces inflammation Anti allergic effect Accelerates overall digestive process by enhancing activity of digestive enzymes Helps weight management

What is the bioactive components of turmeric

Curcumin

What is the possible benefits of turmeric

Reduces inflammation Protective effects on cardiac function, vascular health and lipid profiles Improves metabolic profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome Improves symptoms of IBS and ulcerative colitis Effective against development of fatty liver Promotes brain health and cognitive function Heals diabetes control Prevent cancer

What is the bioactive components of garlic?

Allicin

What is the possible benefits of garlic

Reduces arthritis related pain Promotes cardiovascular health Reduces total cholesterol Reduces blood pressure Antithrobotic and anticoagulant Reduces glucose in blood Promotes brain health Promotes immune system health