bread Flashcards
Bread is made of what?
made of flour, water and yeast, or other leavening agents, mixed together and baked.
What is the nutritionally important source of bread? And give some examples
It is an important source of carbohydrates. If whole grain: it contains fibre, iron, magnesium, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin. White bread is often enriched with iron, folic acid, riboflavin, niacin, thiamin
What are some pivotal developments in bread’s evolution?
Leavening, milling and mechanical slicing
What is leavening?
Allowed for bread to rise, requires a leavening agent (something that will cause to expand)
What is milling?
Allowed for refinement of grains, softer and more uniform loaves
When did mechanical slicing become popular?
1928
Give 3 examples of common leavening agents
yeast, baking soda and baking powder
Explain what is yeast made from and what activates it
Yeast is a single-cell organism (saccharomyces cerevisae). It requires a fuel source (sugar, flour) and liquid to be activated
Explain what it contains baking soda and what activates it
it contains sodium bicarbonate, it requires acid and liquid to be activated
What pastry can you do with baking soda
cakes
Explain what it contains baking powder and what activates it
contains sodium bicarbonate and a weak acid, requires liquid to be activated
What pastry can you do with baking powder
cake (it is like baking soda but with an acid)
Why leavening agents is important and what it makes their importance
Because the produce makes CO2, so that causes the bread and the other products to rise.
why do live yeast cells leavening will be killed during cooking?
because if the water is higher than 55 degrees - kill it
if water is below 20 degrees - no fermentation. So water needs to be warm to activate yeast
How can we proof yeast?
activate dry yeast in warm water before adding it to the dough mixture
What are the 3 common types of yeast?
- active dry yeast
- instant yeast
- rapid-rise yeast
Explain active dry yeast
encapsulated live yeast with growth medium
need proofing for activation
very sensitive to thermal shock
Explain instant yeast
like activate dry yeast but a higher percentage of live yeast cells
does NOT need proofing, add to the dry mix directly
Explain rapid rise yeast
smaller granular size of yeast allows the dough to rise faster
a form of instant yeast, add to the dry mix directly
What are some forms of cooking methods for bread
- baked - traditional oven, brick oven, tandoor oven
- grilled - over a fire/directly on hot coals
- steamed (vapeur) - steam baskets
- fried - in a pan
- griddled
What are the basic steps to make unleavened bread?
1) mix ingredients together
2) leave to ferment (not always)
3) portion dough or batter
4) cook
What are the basic steps to make leavened bread?
1) mix ingredients together - activating the yeast
2) knead the dough - encouraging gluten formation
3) first rise - allowing CO2 to form
4) punch down- removing air pockets
5) portion, round, shape
6) proof/ second rise - allowing CO2 to form
7) bake
Pain ménage/ white loaf is made with what? And is leavened with what?
Made with wheat, leavened with yeast
Pain ménage/ white is a bread from where?
North America
What are pain ménage/ white loaf ingredients?
water, white flour, yeast, sugar ( to give to the yeast, it is his source to be activated) and salt
How is the preparation of pain ménage/ white loaf? And what is the optimum temperature?
preparation time + cooking = 2.5h
sufficient kneading is crucial
- over kneading: very dense and tough
- under kneading: dough looks floppy and loss,
cannot hold its shape
27-33 degrees is the optimum temperature range for the yeast to grow and reproduce at the dough fermentation stage
What does sugar do in yeast bread making?
- adding sweetness
- providing fuel for yeast
- the part of sugar not being utilized by yeast will tenderize the bread by preventing over-formation of gluten
Cornbread is made with what? And is leavened with what?
Made with cornmeal and wheat, leavened with baking powder
Where is cornbread from?
It’s from USA
What are the basic ingredients of cornbread?
- cornmeal
- water
- salt
How is the preparation of cornbread? and how can be cooked?
preparation and cooking: ~ 0.5 to 1h
cook in the frying pan
variations of cornbread:
- hoecakes - simplest form with only basic ingredients
- jonnycakes - ticker, more ingredients (egg, milk, wheat flour)
Where is naan from?
India and Pakistan (it is referred to as any type of bread)
Naan is made with what and leavened with what?
made with wheat and leavened with yeast, baking powder, and yogurt