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PHAR 154 > Herbals > Flashcards

Herbals Flashcards

1
Q

Main use for glucosamine

A

Osteoarthritis

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2
Q

MOA for glucosamine

A

Normal component of cartilage matrix and synovial fluid
May prevent joint-space narrowing

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3
Q

Efficacy for glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM

A

Glucosamine is worth a shot but will take 4-8 weeks for full effect
Chondroitin: less then glucosamine
MSM: less value (not normal human component)
Have minimal risk/SE

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4
Q

Dosing for glucosamine

A

500mg TID (or 1500mg OD)

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5
Q

What drug interactions does glucosamine have?

A

Warfarin

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6
Q

What is the main treatment for omega fatty acids?

A

Primary and secondary MI prevention
Elevated TG (cholesterol)

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7
Q

MOA for omega fatty acids

A

ALA can be converted to EPA/DHA by humans, but only minimally
We can only convert 5% of ALA to DHA/EPA

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8
Q

Efficacy of omega fatty acids

A

50/50 so can give it a try

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9
Q

Risk of omega fatty acids

A

Unlikely risk of bleeding
Unlikely mercury contamination

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10
Q

Dosing for omega fatty acids

A

1000mg fish oil = 300mg EPA/DHA
W/o CHD - 500mg/day
With CHD - 1g TID
TG lowering 2-4g/day

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11
Q

Drug interactions of omega fatty acids

A

NO agents with risk of bleeding

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12
Q

Natural way to get omega fatty acids

A

1st line: Wild salmon
Flax/flaxseed

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13
Q

What are the other uses for omega fatty acids

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Depression
Dry eyes
ADHD
Muscle cramps from statins

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14
Q

Main use for melatonin

A

Insomnia

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15
Q

MOA of melatonin

A

A hormone produced from tryptophan
Ties into our circadian rhythms

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16
Q

Efficacy of melatonin

A

Worth a try(actually useful)

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17
Q

Drug interactions for melatonin

A

Mild GI
Headache
Additive drowsiness with other sedating agents

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18
Q

Other uses for melatonin

A

Depression
Jet leg
CV
GERD
Antioxidant

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19
Q

Use of zzzquil and nytol

A

Insomnia

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20
Q

MOA of zzzquil and nytol

A

Using SE from 1st gen antihistamine

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21
Q

Efficacy of zzzquil and nytol

A

NOT helpful for head colds
Tolerance and rebound insomnia occurs

22
Q

Side effects of zzzquil and nytol

A

Dry mouth
Constipation
Urinary retention
On BEERs list

23
Q

What agent is in zzzquil and nytol?

A

Diphenhydramine HCl

24
Q

Main use of St. John’s wort

A

Mild-moderate depression
Less so for major depression

25
MOA for St. John’s wort
Natural SSRIs like ability Creates more serotonin in the body
26
Efficacy of St. John’s wort
As effective as SSRIs
27
Side effects of St. John’s wort
GI Rash Dizziness Headache
28
Drug interactions of St. John’s wort
Lots of rx drugs as it induces CYP P450 Could cause serotonin syndrome if raises serotonin too much
29
Main use of tea tree oil (melaleuca)
Wound healing Also has “claims” for acne and head lice
30
Potential use of green tea
Decrease BP Anti-cancer Weight loss
31
MOA of green tea
Contains polyphenols, antioxidants and catechins
32
Efficacy of green tea
Good for a healthy diet Has some potential
33
What are some green tea products
One a day wight smart Ginkgo biloba Green tea extract
34
Main use of ginkgo
Antioxidant / neuroprotective
35
Efficacy of ginkgo
NOT helpful for memory loss / dementia or peripheral artery disease
36
What are the ginkgo products
Remember Fx - just ginseng Memory Fx - ginseng + ginkgo
37
Main use for cranberry juice
UTI prevention
38
MOA of cranberry juice
Reduces e. Coli adherence
39
Efficacy of cranberry juice
Prevention - possibly effective Treatment - unlikely
40
What is cysto plus?
Claims to prevent acidification of urine to reduce symptoms of UTIs
41
What is the possible risk of HRT shown from a study?
Breast cancer but minimal risk
42
What is black cohosh
Main ingredient in HRT
43
MOA of black cohosh
Estrogen like
44
Efficacy of black cohosh
NOT recommended anymore
45
What are the black Cohosh products
Estro-logic Remifemin Extroven
46
What is soy an ingredient in?
HRT
47
MOA of soy for HRT
Converted soy into: Daidzen —> estrogenic compounds
48
Efficacy of soy
Decreases hot flashes by an effect of 25%
49
What is the HRT soy product?
Swiss natural HRT
50
What is wild yam?
Natural version of estrogen replacement

PHAR 154 (9 decks)

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