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Pharm Exam 4 > Herbal Meds Intro > Flashcards

Herbal Meds Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Herbs for hormonal problems

A

1) phytoestrogens - converted to estrogens in body by flora
- isoflavones (soy and other legumes)
- lignins (flax seeeds)
- Coumestans (red clover, sunflower seeds, bean sprouts)
- Intestinal flora
2) Androgens and anti-androgens
- saw palmetto
- DHEA-from adrenal cortex- precursor to testosterone and estrogen

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2
Q

Isoflavones

  • type?
  • from?
A
  • phytoestrogen

- soy/legumes

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3
Q

Ligins

  • type?
  • from?
A
  • phytoestrogens

- flax seed grains

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4
Q

coumestans

  • type?
  • from?
A

-phytoestrogen
-red clover
sun flower seeds
-bean sprouts

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5
Q

Echinacea

-use?

A

-range of infections and malignancies

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6
Q

Echinacea

-MOA?

A
  • immune modulating
  • anti-inflammatory (inh COX)
  • bactericidal and virucidal
  • antioxidant
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7
Q
  • Which species of Echinacae good for immune modulation?

- Effects?

A

-E purpurea

  • inc total circulating WBC
  • inc monocytes
  • inc neutrophils
  • inc NK cells
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8
Q

Which species of Echinacea is good for anti-inflammatory?

-Effects?

A
  • E purpurea

- Inh COX –> -inh edema in skin irritation

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9
Q

Do not take echinacea with what drugs?

A
  • immunosuppressants!
  • due to potential immune modulatory actions

-NOT RECOMMENDED FOR IMMUNE DEFICIENCIES

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10
Q

Echinacea AE?

A

-rash especially in those with allergies to daisy plants (ragweed)

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11
Q

Ginko Bilboa

-treats?

A
  • **CARDIOVASCULAR- antioxidant properties==> reduced oxidative stress in coronary artery bypass surgery & promote bloof flow
  • asthma
  • bronchitis
  • fatigue
  • tinnitus
  • may improve memory tx/prevention of alzheiers or dimentia, Periph artery disease & sexual dysfunction
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12
Q

Ginko BIlboa

-active compounds?

A
  • flavone glycosides

- terpenoids

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13
Q

Specific ginko leaf extract that helps with cardiovascular?

A

-EGb 761

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14
Q

How does gingo bilboa help wiith CNS? MOA?

A

-restored 5-HT1A receptor density

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15
Q

ginko bilboa

-AE?

A
  • no sig safety concernts
  • nausea, headache.. that shit
  • may have antiplatelet actions
  • seizures with uncooked ginko seed preps
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16
Q

Ginko bilboa

-drug interaction?

A

do not give to patients taking anticoagulants

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17
Q

Garlic

-most studied consituent?

A

allicin - give garlic odor

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18
Q

Garlic - effects?

A

(Cardiovascular)

  • inhibit HMG-CoA reductase in human liver cells
  • antioxidant
  • enhances fibrinolytic activity –> decrease in plaque accumulation with coronary artery disease
  • reduce systolic and diastolic BP
  • inh ACE –> lower BP
  • Antimicrobial - reduce growth of bacteria
  • reduce common cold symptoms
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19
Q

Garlic adverse effects:

A
  • INC bleeding
  • dont use before surgery
  • nausea, hypotension allergy
20
Q

Garlic drug interaction?

A

-prevents bioavailabitliy for antiviral saquinavir

21
Q

Ginseng

-uses:

A
  • boost immune
  • erectile ddysfunction
  • improve well-bing, stamina, metnal and physical performance
  • lower BP
  • lower blood glucose
22
Q

Ginseg

-MOA for immune mod

A

-increased expression of IL2 IL1alpha, & GCSF

==>inc macrophage, activated B and T cells and NK cells

23
Q

Ginseng

-MOA for CNS effects:

A

-increased levels of Ach, 5-HT, NE, and DA in cerebral cortex

==> stimulation of adrenal cortical steroid synthesis

24
Q

Ginseng -

-MOA for glucose homeostasis

A

-inc insulin release and inc in insulin receptors

25
Q

Ginseng

-MOA for anti-cancer:

A
  • reduced angiogenesis in tumors

- inc apoptosis of tumor cells

26
Q

Ginseng AE?

A
  • CNS stimulation @ high dose
  • HTN @ high dose
  • anti-platelet - clotting issues
  • inc growth of breast cancer cells (estrogenic activity)
27
Q

Ginseng -drug interactions?

A
  • irritablity, sleeplessness, manic beh in pt taking antipsychotics
  • do not ue with anticoagulants
  • Do not use in patients taking immune modulating drugs or those with autoimmune disorders
  • Caution in patients with hypoglycemic meds
28
Q

Milk THistle

-uses?

A
  • **LIVER! Helps with
  • cirrhosis
  • drug induced hepatotox
  • hepatitis
  • liver disease
29
Q

Milk THistle

-MOA?

A
  • *How helps with liver:
  • silybin (active component) reduces leukotriene formation and inh nuclear factor kappa b NF-kB
  • reduces transforming grwoth factor beta production –> induces liver fibrosis
  • reduces lipid peroxidation
  • scavenges free radicals (antioxidant)
30
Q

St Johns Wort

-use?

A
  • antidepressant
  • metnal disorder
  • nerve pain
  • malaria
  • sedative
  • wound balm (burns & insect bites)
31
Q

St Johns WOort

-MOA?

A

Antidepressant:
-inh reuptake of 5-ht, DA and NE

Hypericin and hyperforin are active ingedietns

32
Q

St Johns Wort

-AE?

A
  • photosensitivity

- hypomania and mania

33
Q

St John Wort

-Drug interactions:

A
  • do not use with other drugs that inh reuptake of neurotransmitters
  • ****Induce hepatic CYP enzymes = decreased serum concentrations of a lot of drugs
34
Q

Saw palmetto

-use?

A

-tx of benign prostatic hyperplasia

35
Q

Saw palmetto

-MOA?

A
  • sterols and fatty agents (active ingredients) inh 5alpha reducatase inducesd conversion of testosterone into hihydrotestosterone (DHT)
  • blocks DHT from binding to androgen receptors
36
Q

Glucosamine and Chondroitin

-use for?

A

-promote joint health*** = helps with osteoarthritis

37
Q

Glucosamine

-MOA?

A

-promote joint health = substrate for cartilage synthesis

38
Q

Chondroitin

-MOA?

A

-in cartilage matrix –> prevents cartilage breakdown and stimulate cartilage repair

39
Q

Glucosamine and chondroitin -

AE & drug interactions?

A
  • increase anticoagulant effects of warfarin

- glucosamine–> increased fasting blood glucose levels and lowered threshold for glucose induced insulin secretion

40
Q

Melatonin

-use?

A

-regulates sleep-wake cycles

41
Q

Melatonin

  • AE and drug interactions:
  • **-Chronic use?
A
  • sleepy things
  • affects blood pressure (inc and dec)
  • dec prothrombin time
  • **-CHRONIC use = decrease sperm quality in mena nd reduce luteinizing hormone levels in women
42
Q

Herbs for migrane prevention:

A
  • butterbur
  • feverfew
  • coenzyme Q10
43
Q

*What drugs reduce CoQ10 levels?

A

statins*

44
Q

Best use for CoQ10?

A

lower BP*

45
Q

CoQ10 drug interactions:

A

-similar structure to vit K = dont take if on warfarin

46
Q

Rosveratrol used for?

A

atherosclerosis

anti aging

Pharm Exam 4 (10 decks)

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