Hepatobiliary System And Pancreas

Question 1

What is the weight of the liver and what percentage of the body weight does it form

Answer 1

1500g

2.5

Question 2

Main location of the liver

Answer 2

Right hypochondrium and epigastrum and left hypochondrium

Question 3

Functions of the liver

Answer 3

Homeostasis(removal of toxic substances from blood)
Nutrition
Immune defense
Thermal energy production 
Bike secretion
Haematopoiesis in the foetus

Question 4

2 main surfaces of the liver

Answer 4

Diaphragmatic

Inferior

Question 5

What is the subhepatic space?

Answer 5

Extension of greater sac between liver and colon. Space extends superiorly and posteriorly to the liver to form hepatorenal recess/Morrison’s pouch

Question 6

The bare area?

Answer 6

Part of superior posterior surface of liver not covered by peritoneum
Triangular area marked by anterior and posterior coronary ligaments
IVC lies in the bare area

Question 7

The visceral surface is covered by peritoneum except

Answer 7

Bed of the gallbladder and porta hepatis

Question 8

What are the fissures on the visceral surface of the liver

Answer 8

Two Sagittal fissures 
Right and left 
Right- for gall bladder and ivc 
Left-for round ligament and ligamentum venosum
Transverse-porta hepatis

Attached along the margins of transverse fissure is lesser omentum

Question 9

What is triangular ligament

Answer 9

Where anterior and posterior ligament meet

Question 10

What are the peritoneal attachments and ligaments of the liver

Answer 10

Falciform ligament
Ligamentum teres(fetal left umbilical vein)
right triangular ligament 
Left triangular ligament 
coronary ligament
Lesser sac
Ligamentum venosum
Bare area

Question 11

Anatomical divisions of liver

Answer 11

Right and left by falciform ligament anteriorly and left sagittal fissure inferiorly

Note that there are two accessory lobes. Caudate on top and quadrate below(form part of the right lobe)

Question 12

What are the 4 portal sectors of the liver

Answer 12

Right lateral, right medial, left medial, left lateral

Divided by the 4 main branches of the portal vein
The 3 main hepatic veins lie between the sectors

Question 13

Components of the porta hepatis

Answer 13

Right and left hepatic ducts
Right and left hepatic arteries
Portal vein

Lymph nodes and nerves

Question 14

Liver receives blood from two blood vessels. These are

Answer 14

Portal vein(70 to 80 percent of blood) and hepatic artery(20 to 25 percent of oxygenated blood)

Note: hepatic vein drains into ivc

Question 15

Lymphatic drainage of liver?

Answer 15

Lymph drains to nodes at porta hepatis before draining to celiac nodes
Lymph from coeliac nodes enter the cisterna chyli

Question 16

Parenchyma is supplied by (nerve supply)

Answer 16

Hepatic nerves which arose from hepatic plexus and contains sympathetic and parasympathetic (from vagus)

Question 17

The capsule is supplied by(nerve supply)

Answer 17

Branches of the lower intercostal nerves

Question 18

Where pancreatic duct joins bile duct to empty into major duodenal papilla is known as

Answer 18

Hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater

Question 19

How long is the bile duct

Answer 19

5 to 15cm long

Question 20

What is the blood supply of the bile duct

Answer 20

Could be cystic l, right hepatic, posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal and gastroduodenal artery

Question 21

How long is the hall bladder

Capacity in adult

Answer 21

7 to 10 cm long

50ml

Question 22

Gall bladder attached to which surface of liver

Answer 22

Visceral surface

Question 23

Function of gall bladder?

Answer 23

Store and concentrate bile

Question 24

Parts of gall bladder

Answer 24

Fundus, body and neck

Drains via cystic duct. Joins common bile duct to form bile duct

Note: fundus closely related to tip of 9th rib when bile duct is enlarged

Question 25

Where is the pancreas located

Answer 25

In the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions in the transpyloric plane

Question 26

Head of pancreas located in

Answer 26

Fits into C shape of duodenum

Tail ends in hilum of spleen

Question 27

Parts of the pancreas

Answer 27

Head
Neck
Body
Tail

Question 28

Anterior relations of pancreas

Answer 28

Stomach, lesser sac, transverse colon, bile duct (head and neck)

Question 29

Posterior relations of pancreas

Answer 29

Superior mesenteric artery and vein, splenic artery and vein on upper border, left kidney

Question 30

Blood supply of pancreas?

Answer 30

Head supplied by sup. and inf. pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Neck, body, tail supplied by branches of splenic artery

Question 31

Pancreas may have more than one pancreatic duct draining pancreatic juice. This other duct is known as

Answer 31

Accessory duct

Question 32

In terms of the extent to which the pancreas is covered by peritoneum, what category does it fall under

Answer 32

Secondarily retroperitoneal