hepatitis Flashcards
what causes inflammation of the liver?
virus, drugs, alcohol, or toxin
how long will acute hepatitis last?
1-4 months
how long does chronic hepatitis last?
greater than 6 months.
the longer the disease the higher risk for cancer
what is a fulminate liver?
explosive, severe that happens rapidly. often this fatal
what changes occur in liver with hepatitis?
- infiltration of WBCs, and increase permeability of hepatocyte cell membranes
what are some times of hepatitis?
A, B, C, D, E, G
what are some other viruses that can cause hepatitis?
cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr
what are hepatitis complications?
cirrhosis, hepatocellular carinoma
what can cause hepatitis?
- toxins
- etoh induced
- autoimmune
- genetic metabolic
what is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ?
build up of extra fat in the liver cells not caused by alcohol. If 5-10% of the livers weight is fat then its considered fatty liver.
who is at risk to develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ?
- people who are overweight, obese, have diabetes, have high cholesterol or high triglycerides.
- people who loose weight rapidly and have poor eating habits
what are the sxs of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ?
often have no sxs, but when they do they will exhibit symptoms of cirrhosis.
what is nonalcoholic steatosis (NASH)?
a more severe form of NAFLD, which causes liver to swell up and become damaged. It is the leading cause of cirrhosis in the U.S
who is at risk to develop nonalcoholic steatosis (NASH)?
- people who are overweight, obese, have diabetes, have high cholesterol or high triglycerides.
- people who are 40-60 year old, more common in women
- some people may not have risk factors and develop this
what are the sxs of nonalcoholic steatosis (NASH)?
no sxs
what the clinical manifestations of asymptomatic people?
- subclinical or unaware carriers can still transmit disease
- maximum infectibility in acute phase
acute (1-4 mo) clinical manifestations
- anorexia
- n/v
- RUQ pain
- fever
- malaise
- wt loss
- fatigue
- dark urine
- arthralgia
- hepatomegaly
- splenomegaly
- jaundice
- pruritus
chronic (> 6 mo) clinical manifestations
- malaise
- fatigue
- myalgia
- arthralgia
- hepatomegaly
how is hep. A transmitted?
- contamination of food, water, or milk
- transmitted through fecal oral route
- involved in food prep/ household prep
how is hep B transmitted?
- sexual transmission
- other bodily fluids/ stool
- parentally (needle stick with contaminated blood)
- perinatal- given to babies when born
how long can hep B live on a surface?
7 days!!
is hep B more harmful then HIV?
yes, and over a 1/3 of the world pop is affected
how is Hep C transmitted?
- sexual transmission
- parentally –shared needles, tattoos
- perinatal– vaginal canal
- hemodialysis
why is hep C the most concerning?
virus mutates rapidly
how is hep D transmitted?
- acquired at the same time of after HBV,
- hep D cannot infect on its own
- virus is virulent and quickly leads to liver failure
how is hep E transmitted?
- fecal oral transmission
2. contaminated drinking water
how is hep G transmitted?
- parentally and sexually transmitted
- co-exists with other viral infections, esp. other hepatitis
- if exists alone- does not cause liver failure
which two types of
hepatic viruses can be prevented with vaccines?
- Hep A and B only
what two medications can help treat hepatitis?
- interferon will eradicate virus
2. nucleosides/ nucleotides
what are the treatment goals for hepatitis?
- decreasing viral load
2. decreasing liver damage
what kind of patient education will be given to the patient?
- vaccinations
- hand washing
- blood and body fluid precautions
- no sharing IV needles, toothbrush, shavers,
- no donating blood
- safe sex
- manage diet
- no alcohol
- cautious with tylenol
