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203A exam 2 sept 20th > hepatitis > Flashcards

hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

what causes inflammation of the liver?

A

virus, drugs, alcohol, or toxin

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2
Q

how long will acute hepatitis last?

A

1-4 months

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3
Q

how long does chronic hepatitis last?

A

greater than 6 months.

the longer the disease the higher risk for cancer

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4
Q

what is a fulminate liver?

A

explosive, severe that happens rapidly. often this fatal

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5
Q

what changes occur in liver with hepatitis?

A
  1. infiltration of WBCs, and increase permeability of hepatocyte cell membranes
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6
Q

what are some times of hepatitis?

A

A, B, C, D, E, G

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7
Q

what are some other viruses that can cause hepatitis?

A

cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr

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8
Q

what are hepatitis complications?

A

cirrhosis, hepatocellular carinoma

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9
Q

what can cause hepatitis?

A
  1. toxins
  2. etoh induced
  3. autoimmune
  4. genetic metabolic
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10
Q

what is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ?

A

build up of extra fat in the liver cells not caused by alcohol. If 5-10% of the livers weight is fat then its considered fatty liver.

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11
Q

who is at risk to develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ?

A
  1. people who are overweight, obese, have diabetes, have high cholesterol or high triglycerides.
  2. people who loose weight rapidly and have poor eating habits
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12
Q

what are the sxs of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ?

A

often have no sxs, but when they do they will exhibit symptoms of cirrhosis.

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13
Q

what is nonalcoholic steatosis (NASH)?

A

a more severe form of NAFLD, which causes liver to swell up and become damaged. It is the leading cause of cirrhosis in the U.S

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14
Q

who is at risk to develop nonalcoholic steatosis (NASH)?

A
  1. people who are overweight, obese, have diabetes, have high cholesterol or high triglycerides.
  2. people who are 40-60 year old, more common in women
  3. some people may not have risk factors and develop this
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15
Q

what are the sxs of nonalcoholic steatosis (NASH)?

A

no sxs

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16
Q

what the clinical manifestations of asymptomatic people?

A
  1. subclinical or unaware carriers can still transmit disease
  2. maximum infectibility in acute phase
17
Q

acute (1-4 mo) clinical manifestations

A
  1. anorexia
  2. n/v
  3. RUQ pain
  4. fever
  5. malaise
  6. wt loss
  7. fatigue
  8. dark urine
  9. arthralgia
  10. hepatomegaly
  11. splenomegaly
  12. jaundice
  13. pruritus
18
Q

chronic (> 6 mo) clinical manifestations

A
  1. malaise
  2. fatigue
  3. myalgia
  4. arthralgia
  5. hepatomegaly
19
Q

how is hep. A transmitted?

A
  1. contamination of food, water, or milk
  2. transmitted through fecal oral route
  3. involved in food prep/ household prep
20
Q

how is hep B transmitted?

A
  1. sexual transmission
  2. other bodily fluids/ stool
  3. parentally (needle stick with contaminated blood)
  4. perinatal- given to babies when born
21
Q

how long can hep B live on a surface?

A

7 days!!

22
Q

is hep B more harmful then HIV?

A

yes, and over a 1/3 of the world pop is affected

23
Q

how is Hep C transmitted?

A
  1. sexual transmission
  2. parentally –shared needles, tattoos
  3. perinatal– vaginal canal
  4. hemodialysis
24
Q

why is hep C the most concerning?

A

virus mutates rapidly

25
Q

how is hep D transmitted?

A
  1. acquired at the same time of after HBV,
  2. hep D cannot infect on its own
  3. virus is virulent and quickly leads to liver failure
26
Q

how is hep E transmitted?

A
  1. fecal oral transmission

2. contaminated drinking water

27
Q

how is hep G transmitted?

A
  1. parentally and sexually transmitted
  2. co-exists with other viral infections, esp. other hepatitis
  3. if exists alone- does not cause liver failure
28
Q

which two types of

hepatic viruses can be prevented with vaccines?

A
  1. Hep A and B only
29
Q

what two medications can help treat hepatitis?

A
  1. interferon will eradicate virus

2. nucleosides/ nucleotides

30
Q

what are the treatment goals for hepatitis?

A
  1. decreasing viral load

2. decreasing liver damage

31
Q

what kind of patient education will be given to the patient?

A
  1. vaccinations
  2. hand washing
  3. blood and body fluid precautions
  4. no sharing IV needles, toothbrush, shavers,
  5. no donating blood
  6. safe sex
  7. manage diet
  8. no alcohol
  9. cautious with tylenol

203A exam 2 sept 20th (11 decks)

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