Hepatitis Flashcards
What is the only type of hepititis that is a DNA virus?
Hepatitis B
What type(s) of hepatitis are transmitted through food and water?
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E
What are the chronic strains of hepatitis?
B and C
What are the ‘at risk’ groups for Hep A and Hep E?
travellers
gay men
animal contact (Hep E)
endemic in countries with poor sanitation
How are Hep B and Hep C passed from person-to-person?
blood borne virus
blood transfusion, IV drug use (sharing)
vertical (mother to child)
sexual
What are the clinical features of acute hepatitis?
Symptoms - fever, nausea, diarrhoea
Signs - jaundice, tender enlarged liver
What are some complications of chronic viral hepatitis?
liver fibrosis/cirrhosis
end stage liver disease
hepatocellular carcinoma
How can Hepatitis C be prevented?
safe sex
avoid needle/syringe sharing
screen/viral inactivation of blood products for transfusion
NO HEPATITIS C VACCINE
How can Hepatitis B be prevented?
Same as Hepatitis C
Hepatitis B vaccination
Would type of viral hepatitis would wearing gloves be recommended for?
B and C
can be spread through blood and bodily fluids (BBV)
What does this serological test result indicate?
acutely infected
+ve HBsAg indicated an infection
+ve IgM suggests it is acute
What does this serological test result indicate?
the individual is susceptible to hepatitis
not protected by immunisation -ve anti-HBs
not currently infected -ve HBsAg
Does this serological test result indicate?
Anti-HAV IgM
indicates recent infection of Hepatitis A
Anti HAV IgG indicates past infection
IgG concentration increases several weeks after infection as IgM decreases
What are the serological test indicators of an acute hepatitis B infection?
detection of viral surface antigen (HBsAg)
What are the serological test indicators of a chronic infection?
persistent HBsAg
Which age group are most likely to develop a chronic infection?
neonates and infants (90%)
<5% in adults
Who is the Hepatitis A vaccine recommended for?
travellers to endemic areas
sewage workers
patients with chronic liver disease
staff in residential institutions
What zone of the hepatic acinus will first be infected with hepatitis?
Zone 1
cells in this zone are affected first because they receive sinusoidal blood transport contents first
