Hepatitis Flashcards
What are the main functions of the liver?
Exocrine: Synthesis & secretion of bile salts
Endocrine: Hormone secretion e.g. IGF-1, TPO
Clotting functions
Metabolism
Cholesterol metabolism
Excretory and degradative functions
How many genotypes of Hepatitis C are there?
11.
1-3 have worldwide distribution and are the most common
What does genotype 1 of Hepatitis C mean?
Poor response to interferon alone
What do genotypes 2 and 3 of Hepatitis C mean?
More favourable responses to treatment
What is the gold standard for treatment of Hepatitis C?
Pegylated Interferon-a in combination with Ribavirin
What is the incubation period of Hepatitis C?
2 weeks to 6 months
What are the symptoms of acute hepatitis c?
few symptoms.
Mostly fever, fatigue, nausea/vomiting etc (similar to flu)
Grey coloured skin and jaundice possible
What is the main symptom of chronic hepatitis c?
Cirrhosis!
Liver cancer in 1-5%
What is the mechanism of infection of hepatitis c?
Binds to CD81 and CLDN1 bind to the envelope proteins on the virus
Internalisation occurs via endocytosis (mediated by clathrin)
The low pH environment is a trigger for the release of the viral particle
Which drugs are protease inhibitors?
Telaprevir and Boceprevir
How does Telaprevir work?
Inhibits NS3.NS4A Serine protease complex
How does Boceprevir work?
It binds the NS3 active site and inhibits
Nucleoside RNA replicase inhibitors interact with…
the Catalytic site
Non-Nucleoside RNA replicase inhibitors interact with…
a number of allosteric sites
What is Sofosbuvir?
a nucleoside RNA replicase inhibitor
What is ABT-333
a non-nuceoside RNA replicase inhibitor
How is hepatitis C contracted?
Blood borne virus
How is hepatitis A contracted?
Ingestion of contaminated food and water
Or direct contact with an infected person
What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?
Can cause mild to severe illness
What are the symptoms of hepatitis B?
attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease
How is hepatitis B contracted?
through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person
What are the symptoms of hepatitis E?
Mild to moderate disease
How is hepatitis E contracted?
Water-borne virus
Transmitted from person-to-person via the faecal-oral route
Alcoholic hepatitis is characterised by the build up of…
Build up of NADH
- it inhibits gluconeogenesis
- build up of lactate (lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia)
Build up of fatty acids (‘Fatty Liver’
What does cirrhosis lead to the build up of?
Ammonia
- unable to convert ammonia into urea
