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Gastroenterology > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of hepatitis are there?

A

5

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2
Q

What viral hepatitis strains are reportable diseases?

A

Hepatitis A, B, and C

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3
Q

What are acute forms of viral hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis A-E

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4
Q

What are the chronic forms of viral hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis B, C, and D

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5
Q

What transmission route is hepatitis spread?

A

Fecal-oral route

  • Contaminated food, water
  • Person-to-person contact
  • International travel (endemic areas)
  • Sexual activities
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6
Q

What are the risk factors for Hepatitis A?

A
  • MSM
  • Drug use
  • Homelessness
  • Occupational exposures
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7
Q

What is the incubation period for Hepatitis A?

A

2 weeks - 6 months (average 30 days)

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8
Q

Is Hepatitis A more severe in kids or adults?

A

Adults

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9
Q

What is a specific symptom in hepatitis A?

A

Aversion to smoking

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10
Q

What are symptoms of Hepatitis A?

A
  • Malaise, myalgia, arthralgias
  • URI symptoms
  • Aversion to smoking
  • Anorexia
  • N/V, diarrhea or constipation
  • RUQ pain or epigastric pain
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11
Q

What can be some positives on physical exam with Hepatitis A?

A
  • Low grade fever
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Splenomegaly
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • +/- Jaundice
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12
Q

Will AST/ALT be elevated in Hepatitis A?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Can you test Hepatitis A serology?

A

Yes, IgM or IgG

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14
Q

What is the vaccine recommendation for Hepatitis A?

A

Now recommended for all children at 12-23 months, but up to 18

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15
Q

What is the treatment for Hepatitis A?

A
  • Self limited with improvement in 2-3 weeks
  • Frequent hand washing to prevent spread
  • Symptomatic treatment
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16
Q

How is Hepatitis E transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral transmission

17
Q

What populations are at risk for Hepatitis E?

A
  • Pregnant women
  • Underlying liver disease
  • HIV
  • Immunosuppressed
18
Q

Is Hepatitis E typically asymptomatic?

A

Yes, immunocompromised patients will show symptoms most commonly

19
Q

What are some extra-hepatic manifestations of Hepatitis E?

A
  • Arthritis
  • Pancreatitis
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Guillain-Barre
  • Peripheral neuropathy
20
Q

What are the prevention strategies for Hepatitis E?

A
  • No vaccine
  • Sanitation
  • Purified water or boiling/chlorinating
21
Q

What is the treatment for Hepatitis E?

A
  • Self-limited
  • Symptomatic treatment (rest, fluids, avoid ETOH)
22
Q

How is Hepatitis B transmitted?

A

Blood borne

23
Q

Hepatitis B fomites can remain on surfaces for how long?

A

7 days

24
Q

Can Hepatitis B be vertically transmitted?

A

Yes

25
Q

What is the incubation period of Hepatitis B?

A

6 weeks to 6 months (average 12-14 weeks)

26
Q

A positive HBsAg and HBeAg indicates what

A

Viral infection, either acute or chronic

27
Q

What is the treatment of acute hepatitis B?

A
  • Usually self limited (lasts 16 weeks)
  • Symptomatic relief
  • If signs of acute liver failure (encephalopathy, coagulopathy) than transplant
28
Q

Acute Hep B infection lasts roughly how long?

A

2-3 weeks

29
Q

How is chronic Hepatitis B defined?

A
  • Infection persisting longer than 3-6 months (3-6 months of AST/ALT elevations)

*High rates of chronic hep B in infants who receive via vertical transmission

30
Q

What is the treatment for chronic hepatitis B?

A

Treatment is only indicated if the individual is actively replicating the virus –> antivirals

31
Q

What are the preferred antiviral treatments for chronic hepatitis B?

A

Entecavir and Tenfovir

32
Q

What Hepatitis strain is Hepatitis D a co-infection of?

A

Hepatitis B

33
Q

What are the symptoms of Hepatitis D when it is superimposed on chronic HBV?

A
  • Provokes fulminant hepatitis
  • Decompensation
  • Hastens progression to cirrhosis
  • More likely to get HCC
34
Q

Hepatitis C is commonly co-infected with what other virus?

A

HIV

35
Q

What are the risk factors for Hepatitis C?

A

IVDU
Sexual contact
Occupational exposures
Blood transfusions prior to 1992

36
Q

Who should be periodically screened for Hepatitis C?

A
  • IVDU
  • Dialysis patients
  • High risk co-morbidities (HIV)
37
Q

Is there a vaccine for Hepatitis C?

A

No

38
Q

What is the treatment for acute Hepatitis C?

A
  • None
  • Consider PEG interferon +/- ribavirin if no spontaneous clearance by 3 months
39
Q

What are the first line antivirals for chronic hepatitis C?

A

Ledipasivir and Sofosbuvir (Harvoni)

*Response is dependent on genotype

Gastroenterology (12 decks)

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