Hepatitis Flashcards
Spotty necrosis - acute hepatitis
Cirrhosis - definition
diffuse abnormality of liver architecture which interferes with liver function and blood flow
Chronic hep cause
Viral but not A or E
Pathophysiology of cirrhosis
Necrosis
Fibrosis
Nodules of regenerating hepatocytes
Micronodular - alcoholic hepatitis
Macronodular - alpha 1 antitrypsin, wilsons, viral hepatitis
Extrahepatic shunting (backlog of blood outside the site) - esophageal varices, anorectal varices, caput medusae
Intrahepatic shunting - blood goes through liver but doesn’t get filted
portral hypertension
Hepatic encephalopahty
HCC
Alcoholic liver disease - three main histological patterns
Hepatic steatosis - yellow greasy liver, reversible if etoh is stopped
Alcoholic hepatitis - large, fibrosed lvier
- mallory denk bodies
heaptocyte ballooning
zone 3 daamge
- neutrophil polymorphs
- fibrosis
Alcoholic cirrhosis -
PSC
Associated with UC and cholangiocarcinoma
More common in males
Bile duct dilation seen on ultrasound
pANCA
PBC
More common in middle aged females
Bile duct inflammation and granuloma
PBC antibody
anti-mitochondrial antibodies
Autoimmune hepatitis - anti smooth muscle antibodies in post menopausal women
anti-liver-kindey-microblasfjoiaejfwoejew - in younger populations
Haemochromatosis cause and symptoms
Increased gut iron absorption - bronze diabetes
Have diabetes
Look tanned
Haemochromatosis histology stain
Prussian blue stain
Wilsons - AR
Rhodanin stain
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Haemangioma
Liver cell adenoma - associated with OCP, abod pain and anti-baby pills
Benign liver cancers
Bile duct adenoma
Haemangioma
Liver cell adenoma
Malignant liver cancers
HCC
- AFP, aflatoxin from mouldy grain, NAFLD, alcoholic cirrhosis
Cholangiocarcinoma- associated with PSC
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Haemochromatosis
enzyme- recssive
strucutre - dominan
best indicator of portal hypertension
splenomegaly
Lower GI
Hirschsprung’s disease - mainly in male babies, abscence of ganglion cells in myenteric plexus, so distal colon fails to dilate
