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microbiology > hepatitis > Flashcards

hepatitis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

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2
Q

how can hepatitis be spread

A

waterborne for (HAv and HEV), bloodborne for (HBV, HCV, HDV)

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3
Q

What is hepatitis A

A

a picornavirus,

icosahedral capsid made of 4 viral polypeptide enclosing a ss positive sense rna

no viral envelope

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4
Q

What do you use to test for HAV

A

HAV-IgM etst

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of HAV

A

jaundice, nausea, vomitting, tiredness, muscle ache, loss of appetite, mild fever

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6
Q

how do you prevent HAV

A

killed virus, HAV has 2 doses to be given 6 months apart
or

given 2 within 2 weeks of exposure if there is significant exposure to virus

cooking or boiling at high heat can kill virus, but freezing does not

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7
Q

What is hepatitis E

A

non enveloped, icosahedral capsid, RNA, hepeviridae family

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8
Q

Who does hepatitis E affect

A

high mortality in pregnant women, Chronic infection in organ transplant patient, HIV patients, haematology-oncology patients on chemo

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9
Q

How many genotypes are there for Hep E virus, and where are they commonly found

A

4 genotype. 1 and 2 occur in developing countries mainly due to poor sanitation, can have occasional outbreaks via oral faecal route or contaminated water supply

3 and 4 can be found in developed countries, transmitted zoonotically from animal reservoirs, chronic infection developed by immunosupressant patients

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10
Q

What is Hep B family

A

Is part of the hepadna family

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11
Q

What is hep B

A

has an envelope with Hb surface antigen.

Genome consist of small circular partly ds DNA with a reverse transcriptase

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12
Q

What are the properties of Hep B

A

quite resistant to ether, low pH, freezing and moderate heating.

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13
Q

What is the incubation period of hep B

A

long 3-6 months

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14
Q

Whether Hep B leads to chronic or acute infection is dependent on what

A

effectiveness of the cell mediated immune response in the liver

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15
Q

What are the possible Hep B infections

A

fulminant hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis

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16
Q

How is Hep B transmitted by

A

body secretions, blood, genital fluids

17
Q

Who are at high risk of Hep B

A

regions of high endemicity,

babies of mothers w chronic hep B
drug users
multiple sex partners
healthcare personnels performing invasive procedure, haemodialysis patients

18
Q

what is the incubation of hep A viru

A

15-50days

19
Q

what are some diagnostictest for Hep B

A

-Hep B surface antigen
- anti Hbc IgM(for recent acute infection)
- anti Hb antibody (to see if immune)
- anti HBc total (for evidence of past infection)
- HBV, DNA, HBeAg( for higher infectivity)
- liver enzymes like ALT and AST

20
Q

What are some treatments for HepB

A

antivirals that target the polymerase
- lamivudine( most resistant to hep B), adefovir, entecavir, tenofovir

21
Q

How to prevent Hep B

A

Hep B immunisation
Hep B immune prophylaxis for babies born to HBsAG positive mothers and after needlestick injury if anti-hepB antibodies not present

22
Q

What is Hep D

A

is a helper virus with small DNA genome. Have a delta core with HBsAG coat borrowed from HBV

23
Q

Where does hep D replicate

A

only in cells infected with HBV, needs coinfection, or superinfection with HBV

24
Q

What does Hep D do

A

makes heptitis worse, causes 40% of fulminant hepatitis infection

25
Q

What is hep C virus

A

Part of the flaviviridae family, enveloped RNA virus

26
Q

What is the incubation period of hep C

A

2-26 weeks

27
Q

What does Hep A lead to

A

mostly asymptomatic, but high rate of progression to chronic liver disease and liver cancer

28
Q

What is hep G

A

flaviviridae family, rna virus

29
Q

does hep G cause hepatitis in humans

A

no. Does not cause hepatitis in humans

30
Q

How to detect Hep G

A

RNA detection by PCR to test. Difficult to culture. Can be detected in blood of infected individuals in absence of signs and symptoms

microbiology (7 decks)

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