Hepatitis Flashcards
What type of virus is Hep A?
RNA
How is Hep A spread?
Faecal oral route
contaminated water and food
How is Hep A diagnosed?
Presence of IgM anti-HAV in serum
Can Hep A cause chronic liver disease?
No. Hep A self-limiting
What is the incubation period for Hep A?
2-6 weeks
How does Hep A present?
Jaundice
Fever
Lethargy
What type of virus is Hep E?
RNA virus
How is Hep E spread?
Faecal-oral route
Through blood products
Who is more susceptible to Hep E?
Middle aged men
Pregnant women
How does Hep E present?
Mostly asymptomatic
Jaundice, fever, myalgia, vomitting, abdo pain
What is the incubation period for Hep E?
2-9 weeks
How is Hep E diagnosed?
Detection of anti-HEV IgM
What can Hep E cause especially in the immunosuppressed?
Chronic hepatitis
Cirrhosis does not occur
What is the treatment for Hep A and E?
Supportive
What type of virus is Hep B?
DNA
Where is Hep B endemic?
Sub-Saharan Africa
South East Asia
How is Hep B transmitted?
Mainly vertically (Mother->baby)
Sexual transmission
IVDU
What can Hep B cause?
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Ca
What is the structure of Hep B?
HBV virion or Dane particle consists of nuclear core (HBcAg) containing DNA
Outer envelope (HBsAg)
HBeAg protein formed during replication
Mutations occur in DNA polymerase and HBeAg
How is chronic Heb B defined?
Hep B +ve >6 months
Asymptomatic
What are the four states of chronic hep b?
Immune tolerant
Immune reactive
Inactive
Immune active
How is acute hep b defined?
Mostly asymptomatic but many have jaundice and fever
Acute liver failure rare
5% develop chronic Hep B
Main hep b treatment?
life long antivirals
Start when patients fibrotic
3rd trimester pregnancy
Vaccination
What type of virus is Hep D?
RNA
What does Hep D require to replicated?
Hep B
Hep D affects what % of HBV carriers?
5%
What type of virus is Hep C?
RNA
Where is Hep C highly prevalent?
Egypt, Pakistan, China
How is Hep C spread?
Contaminated blood transfusion
Sexual intercourse
IVDU
How does Hep C present?
Mainly asymptomatic
Fatigue common
Jaundice rare
What % of patient with hep C develop chronic infection?
85%
How is Hep C detected?
HCV Ab
HCV RNA
HCV genotype
What is the % of patients with hep c that progress to cirrhosis over 10-20 years?
30%
What is EBV?
Infectious mononucleosis
+ve monospot test
Self-limiting
What is CMV?
Glandular fever like
Self-limiting
Can herpes simplex 1 + 2 cause hepatitis?
yes but rarely
What is toxoplasmosis?
Parasitic infection from infected cats or poorly cooked meat containing cysts
Glandular-fever like symptoms
-ve monospot
Treatments are only available for which types of hepatitis?
B + C
What hepatitis can be cured?
C
Which hepatitis is self-limiting?
A
Vaccines are available for which types of hepatitis?
A + B
What are the common types of hepatitis?
A B C E
