Hepatitis

Question 1

What type of virus is Hep A?

Answer 1

RNA

Question 2

How is Hep A spread?

Answer 2

Faecal oral route

contaminated water and food

Question 3

How is Hep A diagnosed?

Answer 3

Presence of IgM anti-HAV in serum

Question 4

Can Hep A cause chronic liver disease?

Answer 4

No. Hep A self-limiting

Question 5

What is the incubation period for Hep A?

Answer 5

2-6 weeks

Question 6

How does Hep A present?

Answer 6

Jaundice
Fever
Lethargy

Question 7

What type of virus is Hep E?

Answer 7

RNA virus

Question 8

How is Hep E spread?

Answer 8

Faecal-oral route

Through blood products

Question 9

Who is more susceptible to Hep E?

Answer 9

Middle aged men

Pregnant women

Question 10

How does Hep E present?

Answer 10

Mostly asymptomatic

Jaundice, fever, myalgia, vomitting, abdo pain

Question 11

What is the incubation period for Hep E?

Answer 11

2-9 weeks

Question 12

How is Hep E diagnosed?

Answer 12

Detection of anti-HEV IgM

Question 13

What can Hep E cause especially in the immunosuppressed?

Answer 13

Chronic hepatitis

Cirrhosis does not occur

Question 14

What is the treatment for Hep A and E?

Answer 14

Supportive

Question 15

What type of virus is Hep B?

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

Where is Hep B endemic?

Answer 16

Sub-Saharan Africa

South East Asia

Question 17

How is Hep B transmitted?

Answer 17

Mainly vertically (Mother->baby)
Sexual transmission
IVDU

Question 18

What can Hep B cause?

Answer 18

Cirrhosis

Hepatocellular Ca

Question 19

What is the structure of Hep B?

Answer 19

HBV virion or Dane particle consists of nuclear core (HBcAg) containing DNA
Outer envelope (HBsAg)
HBeAg protein formed during replication
Mutations occur in DNA polymerase and HBeAg

Question 20

How is chronic Heb B defined?

Answer 20

Hep B +ve >6 months

Asymptomatic

Question 21

What are the four states of chronic hep b?

Answer 21

Immune tolerant
Immune reactive
Inactive
Immune active

Question 22

How is acute hep b defined?

Answer 22

Mostly asymptomatic but many have jaundice and fever
Acute liver failure rare
5% develop chronic Hep B

Question 23

Main hep b treatment?

Answer 23

life long antivirals
Start when patients fibrotic
3rd trimester pregnancy
Vaccination

Question 24

What type of virus is Hep D?

Answer 24

RNA

Question 25

What does Hep D require to replicated?

Answer 25

Hep B

Question 26

Hep D affects what % of HBV carriers?

Answer 26

5%

Question 27

What type of virus is Hep C?

Answer 27

RNA

Question 28

Where is Hep C highly prevalent?

Answer 28

Egypt, Pakistan, China

Question 29

How is Hep C spread?

Answer 29

Contaminated blood transfusion
Sexual intercourse
IVDU

Question 30

How does Hep C present?

Answer 30

Mainly asymptomatic
Fatigue common
Jaundice rare

Question 31

What % of patient with hep C develop chronic infection?

Answer 31

85%

Question 32

How is Hep C detected?

Answer 32

HCV Ab
HCV RNA
HCV genotype

Question 33

What is the % of patients with hep c that progress to cirrhosis over 10-20 years?

Answer 33

30%

Question 34

What is EBV?

Answer 34

Infectious mononucleosis
+ve monospot test
Self-limiting

Question 35

What is CMV?

Answer 35

Glandular fever like

Self-limiting

Question 36

Can herpes simplex 1 + 2 cause hepatitis?

Answer 36

yes but rarely

Question 37

What is toxoplasmosis?

Answer 37

Parasitic infection from infected cats or poorly cooked meat containing cysts
Glandular-fever like symptoms
-ve monospot

Question 38

Treatments are only available for which types of hepatitis?

Answer 38

B + C

Question 39

What hepatitis can be cured?

Answer 39

C

Question 40

Which hepatitis is self-limiting?

Answer 40

A

Question 41

Vaccines are available for which types of hepatitis?

Answer 41

A + B

Question 42

What are the common types of hepatitis?

Answer 42

A B C E