Hepatitis Flashcards
Hepatitis
Information of the liver, with resultant liver dysfunction
Hepatitis causes/incidence
Viral: subtypes A, B, C, D, E, G
Autoimmune
Alcoholic
Hepatitis A
An enteral virus , transmitted via the oral fecal route in rarely,parenterally
Common source outbreak result from contaminated water and food
Blood and store infectious during the 2 to 6 week incubation period
The mortality rate is very low
Hepatitis B
A blood-borne DNA virus present in serum, saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions
Transmitted via blood and blood products, sexual activity, and mother fetus
Hepatitis C
A blood-borne RNA virus in which the source of infection is often uncertain
It is traditionally associated with blood transfusion
50% of cases are related to injection drug use
Hepatitis signs/symptoms
Pre-icteric: fatigue, malaise, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, headache, aversion to smoking and alcohol
Icteric: Weight loss, jaundice, Pruritis, right upper quadrant pain, clay colored store, dark urine, low-grade fever may be present, hepato splenomegaly may be present
Hepatitis lab/diagnostics
WBC low to normal
UA: proteinuria and bilirubinuria
Elevated AST and ALT
LDH, Bilirubin, alkaline phosphortase, and PT normal or slightly elevated
Hepatitis A serology test
Active: anti-HAV, IgM
Recovered: anti-HAV, IgG
Hepatitis B serology
Active: HBsAG, HBeAG, anti-HBc, IgM
Chronic: HBsAG, anti-HBc, anti-HBe, IgM, IgG
Recovered: antiHBc, AntiHBs
Hepatitis C serology
Active: anti-HCV, HCV RNA
Chronic: anti-HCV, HCV RNA
Hepatitis management
Generally supportive; Rest during active phase
Increase fluids to 3000 to 4000 mL per day
Avoid alcohol or other drugs detoxified by the liver
No/low protein diet
Oxazepam if sedation is necessary
Vitamin K for prolonged PT greater than 15 seconds
Lactulose 30 ML orally or rectally for elevated ammonia levels: hepatic encephalopathy
Antiviral drugs
