henrys domestic policy

Question 1

how many times did parliament meet during henry’s reign?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

which council advised Henry?

Answer 2

The Kings council

Question 3

Give 1 example of a court that Henry established to strengthen central government?

Answer 3

The court of requests, The court of General Surveyors and the council learned in the law

Question 4

which court did Empson and Dudley lead?

Answer 4

council learned

Question 5

in which 3 places was the council learned used?

Answer 5

the north, wales and Ireland

Question 6

who replaced the Earl of Northumberland as deputy in the north following the Yorkshire rising

Answer 6

the earl of surrey

Question 7

what year did Henry revive the council of wales?

Answer 7

1493

Question 8

which courts were unruly in wales?

Answer 8

Marcher Lords

Question 9

which law was passed in Ireland in 1494 to prevent Irish parliaments meeting without the Kings permission?

Answer 9

Ponying’s law

Question 10

How many JPs were appointed in each county?

Answer 10

30-60

Question 11

Give one example of how JPs helped Henry keep law and order?

Answer 11

dispensing justice, replacing subject members of juries, arresting poachers, rewarding informers, granting hail

Question 12

why were the changed needed?

Answer 12

• the chaos of the war of the roses had lessened the authority of the monarch
• Henry lacked experience of the country and the government but he needed to ensure he consolidated his position as he was an Usurper

Question 13

central government-
how many councilors during Henry’s reign?
what did the kings council do?

Answer 13

-kings council advised Henry, it was chosen by the King. there were 227 councilors during Henry’s reign, however most of the time Henry relied on a small group of advisors

Question 14

central government-key names

Answer 14

• lord chancellor (morton)
• lord privy seal (fox)
• lord treasurer (dynham)

Question 15

central government-

what were the smaller committees used for?

Answer 15

• he used smaller committees in the council but made the practice more frequent
• established the court of requests
• court of General surveyors
• council learned in law

Question 16

central government-council

what type of men were there?

Answer 16

• most members were noblemen or churchmen

- was some gentry members..ie Reginald bray and Edmund Dudley

Question 17

central government-council learned in law

what did the council learned do?

Answer 17

• enforced financial policies eg supervised bonds and recognizances
• in 1495 they defended the king’s position as feudal landlord

Question 18

central government- most notable change

Answer 18

-the exploitation of royal rights was the most notable change (dickens) Henry made to central government and this caused resentment

Question 19

when was parliament called?

Answer 19

-called when the king needed money or to pass laws

Question 20

what years did parliament meet?

Answer 20

• 1485-6
• 1487
• 1489
• 1491
• 1495
• 1497
• 1504

Question 21

what was parliament used for?

Answer 21

-to pass acts of attainder especially at the start and end of Henry’s reign

Question 22

why did parliament meet?

Answer 22

-used briefly as henry wanted to avoid asking the country for more money too often; he avoided war as far as possible; parliament’s role as court was now fulfilled by the council learned in law

Question 23

where was regional councils used?

Answer 23

-henry developed the Yorkist use of regional councils in north, wales and Ireland

Question 24

where did the council of the north defend?
what powers did it have?
henry appointed which earl to the council of the north?

Answer 24

• defended the northern boarder and had administrative and judicial power so that the law could be enforced quickly.
• henry appointed the earl of surrey to the council of the North following the death of the Earl of Northumberland in 1489

Question 25

regional government-the king's council | what did the kings council do in terms of watching another council?

Answer 25

-the kings council kept a close eye on the council of the north's activities and Henry chose the members of the council eg the bishop of Carlisle

Question 26

regional government- Edward IV and the council of wales when was the court of wales established? what happened to the marcher lords in Henry's reign? what did Henry use the council for?

Answer 26

Edward established the council of wales in 1472 but the marcher lords were still unruly. Several of those Lords lost land in Henry VIIs reign and Henry had family connections in wales. The council of Wales was normally put under Prince Arthur's control in 1493. Jasper Tudor was appointed to govern wales from 1493. Henry used the council to reward loyal welsh servants such as Sir Rhys ap Thomas

Question 27

regional government-Ireland what did ponying's law say about Irish parliaments? who was the lord lieutenant of Ireland?

Answer 27

-Direct control of Ireland was limited to the area around Dublin. 1494 Poyning's law said Irish parliaments could only be called with the Prior approval of the King. Prince Henry was made lord lieutenant of Ireland.

Question 28

regional government-Ireland and Earl of Kildare what was the earl of Kildare restored to? what did EOK have to try to do?

Answer 28

-Sir Edward Poyning's failed in his effort to bring Ulster under great control. The Earl of Kildare was restored as Lord Deputy to try and gain the loyalty of powerful Irish families. This was also due to high cost of ruling Ireland.

Question 29

local government- | what loyal servants did Henry rely on to keep law and order?

Answer 29

Edward Iv had relied on powerful families to help him control the country, meaning that some of them now ignored royal commands. Henry relies on loyal servants such as Earl of Shrewsbury and Lord Hasting's to keep law and order.

Question 30

local government-sheriffs | what were sheriffs responsible for?

Answer 30

-were responsible for the management of parliamentary elections.

Question 31

local government-justice of the peace how many Jps per county? where were they chosen from?

Answer 31

-henry developed the office of justice of the peace. Chosen from secondary rank of landowners. 30-60 landowners appointed in each county.

Question 32

local government- the role of the justice of the peace | what were Jps used for?

Answer 32

-implementing statutes, dispensing justice, upholding public orders, replacing suspect members of juries, rewarding informers, arresting poachers and granting bail.

Question 33

local government-JPs and problems | why were JPs limited?

Answer 33

-JPs were limited by the fact that local officers were often reluctant to bring offenders to them. Every parish had to provide their own petty constable.

Question 34

local government-end of Henry's reign what problems still occurred by the end of Henry's reign? did the situation improve by the end of Henry's reign?

Answer 34

-the situation was improved by the end of Henry's reign, although there was still problems such as poor communication and reliance upon unpaid officers

Question 35

strengths of central government- | what were the strengths of a central government?

Answer 35

- henry relied on a few key advisors - used smaller committees in the privy council - council learned in law enforced financial policies - parliament was used to pass acts of attainder to help Henry acquire land from disloyal noblemen. - parliament only met 7 times to avoid Henry spending too much on war.

Question 36

weaknesses of the central government-

Answer 36

- exploitation of 'royal rights' caused resentment - council learned in law was detested - Henry was never fully secure

Question 37

strengths of regional government-

Answer 37

- use of RC helped Henry gain control over localities-important as he was a Usurper - King's council watched closely the council of the north and henry chose who he wanted on the COTN, ensuring no nobleman become too powerful. - henry made use of family connections to gain control over wales - he used regional councils to reward loyal subjects ie. Rhys

Question 38

weaknesses of regional council-

Answer 38

-direct English control in Ireland was limited, Poyning's law 1494 failed. it was costly to rule Ireland.

Question 39

strengths of local government-

Answer 39

- Men were willing to take on the role of the JPs as it gave them prestige and status - much had been done to improve law and order in the localities - Henry relied on loyal servants such as the Earl of Hastings and Lord Shrewsbury - The role of JPs was successfully widened

Question 40

Weaknesses of the local government-

Answer 40

- still problems such as poor communications and reliance upon unpaid officials - some noble families had become overmighty in the war of the roses and didn't obey royal commands - local officials were reluctant to bring offenders to the JPs