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History > Henry VIII GCSE > Flashcards

Henry VIII GCSE Flashcards

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1
Q

Henry VIII becomes king

A

1509

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2
Q

Wolsey becomes Cardinal

A

1515

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3
Q

Wolsey becomes Chancellor

A

1515

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4
Q

Wolsey becomes Papal Legate

A

1518

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5
Q

Wolsey is dismissed from his position as Chancellor

A

1529

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6
Q

Wolsey dies on the way to his trial for treason

A

1530

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7
Q

Amicable Grant

A

1525- a new direct tax which requires priests to pay 1/3 of their income and everybody else to pay 1/6 of their income

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8
Q

Why was the amicable grant introduced?

A

Henry wanted to invade France and reclaim land lost in the 15th century. The money from the amicable grant would help fund this

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9
Q

Why was the amicable grant controversial?

A

It had not been approved by parliament and was being collected by royal decree. People only had 10 weeks to pay

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10
Q

Short term consequences of the amicable grant

A

Many people refused to pay the tax. A rebellion broke out in Suffolk. The tax was abandoned. Henry postponed the invasion and made peace with the french king

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11
Q

Long term consequences of the amicable grant

A

Wolsey was humiliated and his reputation badly damaged. Wolsey was unable to raise any further taxes. Henry began to doubt Wolsey’s judgement. Henry looked weak

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12
Q

The Eltham Ordinances

A

1526- cutting spending on meals/servants, laying off sick/unneeded servants, reducing the amount paid to people for expenses, reducing the size of the privy chamber

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13
Q

Why weren’t the Eltham Ordinances very successful?

A

Wolsey lost interest once he had reduced the size of the privy council

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14
Q

Enclosures

A

Fences dividing land into fields that were often used to graze sheep, allowing landowners to make money through the wool trade. This reduced the land available to tenant farmers and the general poor

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15
Q

Wolsey set up an inquiry into enclosures

A

1517- resulted in court cases against landowners and made him very unpopular but did not limit the practise of enclosures

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16
Q

Wolsey and the justice system

A

Strengthened the star chamber, encouraged the poor to bring cases to court, supported the poor against the rich, oversaw cases himself, increased the poor’s work rate

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17
Q

Treaty of Bruges

A

1521- Wolsey negotiated an alliance with Charles V against France. It was agreed that Henry would not send an army to France until 1522

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18
Q

Treaty of More

A

1525- Henry gave up his claim to the French throne in return for annual payment from France

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19
Q

The Battle of Pavia

A

1525- Charles defeated and captured Francis

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20
Q

Campaigns in France and Scotland

A

1512-1513

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21
Q

The Battle of Flodden

A

1513- The Scots invaded the north of england but were defeated by the Earl of Surrey who gathered an army in Henry’s absence. The Scottish king and many nobles were killed

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22
Q

Treaty of London

A

1518- 20 countries agreed not to attack each other and if they did so, the other countries in the treaty would come together and counterattack

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23
Q

The Field of the Cloth of Gold

A

1520- a conference outside Calais between Henry and Francis, so called because the French wove gold into their tents, armour and clothes. They spent a fortnight feasting and jousting.

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24
Q

Treaty of Westminster

A

1527- Francis and Henry signed agreeing to fight Charles if he did not behave peacefully

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25
Q

Battle of Ladriano

A

1529- Charles defeats Francis and establishes his control over Italy and, therefore, the Pope

26
Q

Henry’s aims in foreign policy

A

Increase English power, conquer France, increase wealth, defend throne

27
Q

War with France

A

1522-25

28
Q

Henry’s Leviticus argument for the annulment of his marriage to Catherine

A

“If a man shall take his brother’s wife, it is an impurity”

29
Q

Opponents of the reformation

A

Elizabeth Barton, Cardinal Fisher, Thomas More all refused to take the oaths of succession and supremacy

30
Q

Act in restraint of appeals to Rome

A

1533- Nobody could appeal to the pope against a decision made by the king

31
Q

Act of succession

A

1534- Everybody had to declare support for Henry’s marriage to Anne

32
Q

Act of supremacy

A

1534- Stating that Henry was “supreme head of the church of England”

33
Q

Treason Act

A

1534- List of crimes that counted as treason and were punishable by death. Saying/doing/thinking anything problematic

34
Q

Henry fell from his horse, potentially suffering brain damage

A

1536

35
Q

Cromwell became Henry’s chief minister

A

1534

36
Q

Cromwell’s financial reforms

A

Established the court of augmentations to handle the money from the dissolution of the monasteries. Sold off monastery land to nobles. If a landowner died while their heir was underage, the crown looked after the estate until they came of age

37
Q

Cromwell’s governmental reforms

A

Forced the house of commons to vote for the first time. Cromwell interfered with elections. If members of the house of lords disagreed with royal policy they were informed they “need not attend”. Cromwell wrote pamphlets outlining new laws

38
Q

The House of Commons voted for the first time

A

1532

39
Q

Cromwell’s judicial reforms

A

Liberties were abolished. Right of sanctuary for serious crimes was abolished

40
Q

Liberties were abolished

A

1536

41
Q

Sanctuary was abolished for serious crimes (Rape/Murder)

A

1540

42
Q

Cromwell’s reforms for Royal power

A

A permanent military force established in Ireland but no further control was attempted. English laws replaced welsh laws in wales. Reorganised the council of the north and gave greater responsibility for law and order

43
Q

Act of Union

A

1536- Stated that English laws replaced welsh ones

44
Q

Cromwell’s reform to the Royal council

A

The Privy council was set up. 20 permanent advisers with training in law or administration

45
Q

Anne of Cleves and Henry married

A

1540

46
Q

Henry’s marriage to Anne of Cleves was annulled

A

1540

47
Q

Cromwell was executed

A

1540

48
Q

Valor Ecclesiasticus

A

1535- A survey conducted by Cromwell to identify the worth of the church

49
Q

Cromwell’s visitations

A

Layton and Leigh were sent to determine whether monks/nuns were living in line with the rules of St Benedict

50
Q

Act of the dissolution of the lesser monasteries

A

1536- Monasteries with a worth less than £200 a year were closed down

51
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace

A

1536- 40,000 Northern Rebels defending their catholic faith

52
Q

Voluntary dissolution of the larger monasteries

A

1538-40- Some monasteries surrendered, closing down “voluntarily” influenced by pressure from Cromwell’s men

53
Q

Second act of the dissolution of the monasteries

A

1539- all remaining monasteries were closed

54
Q

Why did the pilgrimage of grace fail ?

A

They went home very quickly, no attacks were made, they were double crossed by the duke of norfolk, loyalty to henry, ringleaders were executed

55
Q

Religious motives for the pilgrimage of grace

A

dissolution of the monasteries, spread of Protestantism, loyalty to the pope

56
Q

Economic motives for the pilgrimage of grace

A

taxes were too high, sheep/cattle tax, inheritance tax, food shortages

57
Q

Political motives for the pilgrimage of grace

A

dislike of cromwell, dislike of low birth counsellors, they wanted mary as queen not elizabeth

58
Q

leader of the pilgrimage of grace

A

robert aske

59
Q

The act of ten articles

A

1536- said that the only three sacraments that were important were baptism, the eucharist and penance for sins

60
Q

1st Royal injunctions to the clergy

A

1536- priests were instructed to discourage pilgrimages; the number of holy days was reduced

61
Q

2nd Royal injunctions to the clergy

A

1538- there should be an english bible in every church
-shrines of saints should be destroyed
-saints’ relics should be removed and all money donated was confiscated by the king
-parishes were to keep a record of all baptisms, marriages and deaths

62
Q

Act of six articles

A

1539- confirmed belief in transubtantiation and purgatory. all priests had to remain celibate

History (4 decks)

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