Crime and Punishment

Question 1

Who were the bow street runners created by?

Answer 1

Henry Fielding

Question 2

By what year did Henry Fielding’s brother - John Fielding - take over the bow street runners?

Answer 2

1754

Question 3

How did the bow street runners charge a fee for their use?

Answer 3

They would collect a reward from the people who hired them if they successfully convicted a criminal in court

Question 4

In what year did the bow street runners become officially paid by the government?

Answer 4

1785

Question 5

What did the bow street runners aim to do?

Answer 5

Deter criminals from committing crime by increasing the chances of them getting caught

Question 6

What did the bow street runners’ office on bow street become?

Answer 6

A central location for collecting and sharing information about criminals.

Question 7

What years were Robert Peel prime minister?

Answer 7

Between 1834 and 1835 and again from 1842 to 1846

Question 8

How did Peel want the punishment system?

Answer 8

He wanted it aimed at reforming a criminals behaviour rather than just using punishment as a deterrent

Question 9

In what year did Peel play a key role in the end of the bloody code?

Answer 9

1825

Question 10

What was the act Peel set up and in which year was it?

Answer 10

Gaols act - 1823

Question 11

What did the Gaols act enforce?

Answer 11

Regular visits from prison chaplains, wage paid to prison staff, female prisoners looked after by female wardens, prisoners no longer held in chains or irons

Question 12

How did Peel change the pay of the metropolitan police?

Answer 12

Aimed to give them a regular pay structure

Question 13

Where did Peel set up the met police headquarters?

Answer 13

Scotland Yard

Question 14

How did Peel change the met police uniform?

Answer 14

Distinct uniform which was different from the army

Question 15

What did Peel make officers carry?

Answer 15

Truncheons, handcuffs and a wooden rattle

Question 16

How did Peel improve training of the met police?

Answer 16

High quality, standardised training for all

Question 17

What was the population of England in 1000 and what percentage of this lived in small countryside villages?

Answer 17

2 million, 90%

Question 18

What were the four types of crime?

Answer 18

Crime against authority, crime against the person, crime against property, social crime.

Question 19

Why was there little crime at the beginning of the Anglo Saxon era?

Answer 19

Because everyone knew each other in the villages which became a deterrent

Question 20

In the Anglo Saxon era who was responsible for carrying out decisions made by local courts to ensure criminals were punished?

Answer 20

Reeves

Question 21

Why did English towns begin to grow in the Anglo Saxon era?

Answer 21

Increasing trade with countries in Europe. More people in towns meant that there was more opportunities for crime.

Question 22

What was the name for people who were unemployed and homeless?

Answer 22

Vagabonds / vagrants

Question 23

What year was the vagrancy act and what did it enforce?

Answer 23

!547 - without work for more than 3 days branded with a V and sold as a slave

Question 24

After 1500, where would you be taken if you were accused of witchcraft?

Answer 24

An ordinary court

Question 25

When was import duty and what was it?

Answer 25

1600s - A tax which made luxury goods coming into England (such as tea and alcohol) more expensive

Question 26

What type of crime was smuggling seen as?

Answer 26

A social crime

Question 27

Why did smuggling become a crime?

Answer 27

The government needed to make sure that they gained money from the import duty

Question 28

What did Oliver Cromwell become after his victory in the English Civil War?

Answer 28

England’s Lord Protector

Question 29

What was Oliver Cromwell and what did this lead to him believing in?

Answer 29

A Puritan - he believed in strict religious rules on behaviour

Question 30

What did Oliver Cromwell ban at Christmas?

Answer 30

Drinking alcohol, feasting and playing games.

Question 31

When were Borstals introduced?

Answer 31

1902

Question 32

What did borstals do?

Answer 32

Deliberately had a strict routine of work, education and military style physical exercise.

Question 33

When were borstals abolished and why?

Answer 33

1983 - seen as too harsh

Question 34

When were attendance centres introduced and who were they aimed at?

Answer 34

1948 - young people who had committed less serious crimes

Question 35

When were youth detention centres introduced?

Answer 35

1983

Question 36

What did youth detention centres replace?

Answer 36

Borstals

Question 37

What were youth detention centres used for?

Answer 37

Holding young criminals and keeping them away from adult prisons

Question 38

When was hard labour abolished in prisons and the tread wheel and crank banned?

Answer 38

1902

Question 39

What year was probation introduced?

Answer 39

1907

Question 40

What year were open prisons introduced?

Answer 40

1933

Question 41

What year did the criminal justice act ban corporal punishment in prisons?

Answer 41

1948

Question 42

What year was community service introduced?

Answer 42

1972

Question 43

What year was electronic tagging introduced?

Answer 43

1990