Henry VIII: Cromwell and the Revolution in Church and State Flashcards
What’s the name of the financial report about the dissolution of monasteries?
Valor Ecclesiasticus
What year was the first act of dissolution?
1536
What year was the second act of dissolution?
1539
When were the York articles written up and sent?
15 October 1536
When were the Pontefract Articles written up?
2-4 December 1536
Who led the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Robert Aske
Who did Henry send to meet Aske’s rebels and where?
Pontefract castle, the earl of Norfolk
When was the pilgrimage of grace?
8 October- 8 December 1536
When was the Lincolnshire rising?
1-11 October 1536
When was the Bigod rebellion and Cumberland rising?
16 January- 10 February 1537
What year was the Act in Restraint if Appeals and whys it significant?
1533- king holds all papal powers
What year was the act of supremacy?
1534
What year was the act of 10 articles?
1536
What year was the 6 articles and why was it significant?
1539, change back to catholic doctrine
When were both royal injunctions to the clergy and why were they significant?
1536, 1538. Influenced the people as pilgrimages were discouraged and religious relics were removed from churches
What year was the kings book published?
1543
Where were the Scots defeated in 1542?
Solway Moss
When were the treaties of Greenwich signed?
July 1543
When was the third French war?
1543-6
What was the cost of the Third French war and the reward?
Captured Boulogne, cost £2 million, caused debasement and caused dynastic disruption (causing mid Tudor crisis)
Fall of Cromwell
Tried and executed for treason 1540
What did the Act in Restraint of Appeals do?
final authority of all legal matters resided in the monarch. Took the decision of the annulment out of Rome’s hands
What did the Act in Restraint of Annates do?
forbade the payment to the Vatican of up to 95% of annates
Reports on corrupt churches
Comperta Monastica
Number of people involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace
40,000- largest and most serious of the 16th century
How threatening was the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Never seriously threatened the king but did threaten law and order in the north. Size and geographical scale shocked Henry, and for a while the dissolution process was halted
Reforms that the Ten Articles brought in
The Seven Sacraments were rejected
Treason act introduced
1534- showed there must have been opposition
Execution of John Fisher and Thomas More
1535
Mistake of Cromwell’s
marriage to Anne of Cleves
Key members of the conservative faction
Duke of Norfolk, Bishop Gardiner, Sir Thomas Wriothesley, Lord Russell, Earl of Surrey
Key members of the reformist faction
Earl of Hertford, John Dudley, Anthony Denny, William Paget, Archbishop Cranmer
Tactics of the conservative faction
Catherine Howard marriage, accusations towards Cranmer, Catherine Parr, Cromwell
Tactics of the reformist faction
Downfall of Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr marriage, Denny had the use of the dry stamp
Fall of Catherine Howard
News of her affair with Culpeper delivered to Henry by Cranmer. Catherine arrested and executed 1541
Factions and Cranmer
Accused of being a heretic, Henry warned Cranmer and he was put in charge of his own trial
Arrest of Catherine Parr
Henry gave Catholic faction permission to arrest her but when they arrived Henry flew into a rage and abused them for attempting to carry out such a treasonous act
Individual opposition to Henry
Elizabeth Barton- prophecies against marriage to Anne Boleyn. Gained national fame. Supported by Warham and Fisher
The 3 elements known as the Pilgrimage of Grace
Lincolnshire rising, Pilgrimage of Grace, Bigod revolt and Cumberland rising
How was the Pilgrimage of Grace put down?
Norfolk granted a general pardon, prolonged truce and a promise of parliament to consider their concerns
Relationship with Scotland
September 1541 James V failed to meet with Henry, Henry ordered raid, Scots defeated at Solway Moss, James died leaving baby Mary on throne, Henry pushed fr marriage between Edward and Mary and the Treaties of Greenwich were signed although never actualised and Mary was married in France. Attacks continued until 1545 (the ‘rough wooing’)
Treaties of Greenwich signed
July 1543
peace with France
Treaty of Ardres June 1546
What did the Act of Supremacy do?
Henry ‘justly and rightfully is…the Supreme Head of the Church of England.’
What did the king’s book introduce?
Defended transubstantiation and the Catholic Six Articles. Written by Henry himself
Fall of the Duke of Norfolk and Gardiner
Norfolk’s son Earl of Surrey executed for putting the royal emblem on his family emblem. Gardiner imprisoned on false charges.
Economic grievances of the pilgrimage of grace
called for the Statute of Uses to be repealed, poor harvests 1535 led to high food prices, dissolution affected the poor, who relied on the churches for economic relief
Reason for return back to Catholicism
Alliance between Francis and Charles and fear that they might answer Pope Paul III’s call for a Catholic crusade against the recently excommunicated Henry. Declining health and fear of death
Henry excommunicated
1538
