Henry VII: Governing the Kingdom

Question 1

What were the aims of Henry’s foreign policy?

Answer 1

Secure throne from domestic and foreign threats
Gain recognition for the Tudor dynasty
Avoid war at all cost
Improve the economy

Question 2

What year was the Treaty of Redon?

Answer 2

1489

Question 3

What were the events preceding the Treaty of Redon?

Answer 3

Henry sends 6,000 men to Brittany’s aid (Brittany repays for men.) Brittany accepts defeat after Maximilian and Spain make peace with France.

Question 4

How did the Treaty of Redon impact Henry’s aims?

Answer 4

Not damaging financially but Henry now has no ‘buffer state’ and less chance of foreign recognition

Question 5

When was the Treaty of Etaples signed?

Answer 5

3rd September 1492

Question 6

What were the conditions included in the Treaty of Etaples?

Answer 6

1. France gives no aid to rebels

2. pay his expenses in Brittany

Question 7

How much money did Henry receive from the Treaty of Etaples?

Answer 7

£5000/ year= 5% of annual income

Question 8

How did the Treaty of Etaples impact Henry’s aims?

Answer 8

Secures dynasty
Recognition from France 
Improves finance
However...
Loses Brittany
Doesn’t prevent war
England ignored by France (initially rejected from league of Venice)

Question 9

What year was the Treaty of Ayton signed?

Answer 9

1497, became a formal peace treaty in 1502

Question 10

What were the conditions of the Treaty of Ayton?

Answer 10

1.non-aggression Treaty
2.Scotland won’t harbour pretenders
The first full peace treaty with Scotland since 1328

Question 11

Which two things sealed the Treaty of Ayton?

Answer 11

Marriage of Margaret and James IV (August 1503)

Warbeck’s death 1499

Question 12

How did the Treaty of Ayton impact Henry’s aims?

Answer 12

Eliminated internal threat
Marriage recognition of the Tudor dynasty
However…
Minor wars prevailed
Scotland upheld the Auld alliance, meaning good relations with Scotland were reliant on Henry keeping good relations with France (although this never posed an issue during Henry’s reign.)

Question 13

What year was the Treaty of Medina del Campo signed?

Answer 13

1489

Question 14

What were the conditions of the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

Answer 14

1. Arthur marries Catherine
2. £40,000 dowry
3. Spain harbours no rebels
4. trade agreement
5. the other would intervene if one was at war with France

Question 15

What year was the marriage agreement with Spain finalised? (By Catherine marrying Henry)

Answer 15

1509

Question 16

What trade did England do with Burgundy?

Answer 16

Cloth trade

Question 17

Why was an embargo placed on trade with Burgundy?

Answer 17

Warbeck

Question 18

What was the improved trade agreement negotiated by Henry and Philip?

Answer 18

The Malus Intercurcus

Question 19

What did the Navigation acts prohibit? What did this lead to?

Answer 19

Prohibited foreign ships sending goods when English ones were available (and vice versa)

Question 20

When was the navigation act abolished?

Answer 20

In the Treaty of Medina del campo

Question 21

What else did the navigation acts attempt to do?

Answer 21

Improve trade with the Baltic’s

Question 22

What year did Elizabeth die?

Answer 22

1503

Question 23

What year did Arthur die?

Answer 23

1502

Question 24

What year did Isabella of Castile die?

Answer 24

1504

Question 25

What year did Philip of Burgundy die?

Answer 25

1506

Question 26

What problems does Isabella’s death cause?

Answer 26

Spain no longer united- Castile and Aragon separated. Catherine of Aragon isn’t so attractive because only holds the small area of Aragon

Question 27

What impact does the death of Philip have?

Answer 27

Allows Ferdinand to retake Castile to make Spain stronger

Question 28

Which noble was a victim of bonds and recognisances?

Answer 28

Thomas Grey- required to give all land to trustees and £1,000 of his own money plus £10,000 in recognisance

Question 29

Examples of feudal dues

Answer 29

1. Wardship
2. Marriage
3. Livery
4. Relief
5. Escheats

Question 30

Which noble was a victim of feudal dues?

Answer 30

Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Buckingham- fined £2,000 for marrying without Kings permission

Question 31

Why were the Council Learned so powerful? Who were they lead by primarily?

Answer 31

Could overrule laws and weren’t above extorting money. Lead by Edmund Dudley. Unpopular for because of its connection with bonds and recognisances

Question 32

What years was the embargo on cloth trade with Burgundy?

Answer 32

1493-6

Question 33

Who was a victim of the Council Learned?

Answer 33

Willhoughby de Brooke’s family- Robert Willhoughby de Brooke’s son was victim to acts of attainder, fines and court actions with the Council Learned over inheritance. Also given £2000 loan to ensure his loyalty to Henry

Question 34

How much did Henry spend on the Cornish rebellion and fighting Warbeck?

Answer 34

Only £13,155- recovered by the £14,700 paid in fines by the rebels

Question 35

What were the aims of Henry’s financial policy?

Answer 35

Be able to fight enemies

Lessen nobility power

Question 36

Henry’s use of attainder

Answer 36

Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, attained after Bosworth and imprisoned in the tower, released 1489 because turned down chances to escape suring the Simnel plot, attainder was revoked and his title was given back, but Henry only returned some of his lands. He only gained all of his lands back in 1513 under Henry VIII

Question 37

Retaining

Answer 37

employing and maintaining servants- provided nobles with an army. Laws against illegal retaining 1487 and 1504. The practice of retaining had perpetuated the War of the Roses, so Henry knew it was a threat.

Question 38

Sources of ‘ordinary’ revenue

Answer 38

Crown lands, customs duties. feudal dues, profits of justice

Question 39

Sources of ‘extraordinary’ revenue

Answer 39

Parliamentary Grants (Battle of Stoke and war against the French), loans and benevolences, clerical taxes, feudal obligations, the French pension, bonds and recognisances

Question 40

Weak finances

Answer 40

needed subsidies to go to war

Question 41

Victim of the retaining laws

Answer 41

Henry’s mother Lady Margaret, countess of Richmond and Derby indicted in 1504

Question 42

Poynings’ law

Answer 42

Constitution decided in 1494- decreed that an Irish parliament could be summoned and pass laws only with the king’s prior approval. No future legislation was to be discussed unless it had first been agreed by the king and his council. Any law made in England would automatically apply to Ireland.