Henry VII: Governing the Kingdom Flashcards
What were the aims of Henry’s foreign policy?
Secure throne from domestic and foreign threats
Gain recognition for the Tudor dynasty
Avoid war at all cost
Improve the economy
What year was the Treaty of Redon?
1489
What were the events preceding the Treaty of Redon?
Henry sends 6,000 men to Brittany’s aid (Brittany repays for men.) Brittany accepts defeat after Maximilian and Spain make peace with France.
How did the Treaty of Redon impact Henry’s aims?
Not damaging financially but Henry now has no ‘buffer state’ and less chance of foreign recognition
When was the Treaty of Etaples signed?
3rd September 1492
What were the conditions included in the Treaty of Etaples?
- France gives no aid to rebels
2. pay his expenses in Brittany
How much money did Henry receive from the Treaty of Etaples?
£5000/ year= 5% of annual income
How did the Treaty of Etaples impact Henry’s aims?
Secures dynasty Recognition from France Improves finance However... Loses Brittany Doesn’t prevent war England ignored by France (initially rejected from league of Venice)
What year was the Treaty of Ayton signed?
1497, became a formal peace treaty in 1502
What were the conditions of the Treaty of Ayton?
1.non-aggression Treaty
2.Scotland won’t harbour pretenders
The first full peace treaty with Scotland since 1328
Which two things sealed the Treaty of Ayton?
Marriage of Margaret and James IV (August 1503)
Warbeck’s death 1499
How did the Treaty of Ayton impact Henry’s aims?
Eliminated internal threat
Marriage recognition of the Tudor dynasty
However…
Minor wars prevailed
Scotland upheld the Auld alliance, meaning good relations with Scotland were reliant on Henry keeping good relations with France (although this never posed an issue during Henry’s reign.)
What year was the Treaty of Medina del Campo signed?
1489
What were the conditions of the Treaty of Medina del Campo?
- Arthur marries Catherine
- £40,000 dowry
- Spain harbours no rebels
- trade agreement
- the other would intervene if one was at war with France
What year was the marriage agreement with Spain finalised? (By Catherine marrying Henry)
1509
What trade did England do with Burgundy?
Cloth trade
Why was an embargo placed on trade with Burgundy?
Warbeck
What was the improved trade agreement negotiated by Henry and Philip?
The Malus Intercurcus
What did the Navigation acts prohibit? What did this lead to?
Prohibited foreign ships sending goods when English ones were available (and vice versa)
When was the navigation act abolished?
In the Treaty of Medina del campo
What else did the navigation acts attempt to do?
Improve trade with the Baltic’s
What year did Elizabeth die?
1503
What year did Arthur die?
1502
What year did Isabella of Castile die?
1504
What year did Philip of Burgundy die?
1506
What problems does Isabella’s death cause?
Spain no longer united- Castile and Aragon separated. Catherine of Aragon isn’t so attractive because only holds the small area of Aragon
What impact does the death of Philip have?
Allows Ferdinand to retake Castile to make Spain stronger
Which noble was a victim of bonds and recognisances?
Thomas Grey- required to give all land to trustees and £1,000 of his own money plus £10,000 in recognisance
Examples of feudal dues
- Wardship
- Marriage
- Livery
- Relief
- Escheats
Which noble was a victim of feudal dues?
Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Buckingham- fined £2,000 for marrying without Kings permission
Why were the Council Learned so powerful? Who were they lead by primarily?
Could overrule laws and weren’t above extorting money. Lead by Edmund Dudley. Unpopular for because of its connection with bonds and recognisances
What years was the embargo on cloth trade with Burgundy?
1493-6
Who was a victim of the Council Learned?
Willhoughby de Brooke’s family- Robert Willhoughby de Brooke’s son was victim to acts of attainder, fines and court actions with the Council Learned over inheritance. Also given £2000 loan to ensure his loyalty to Henry
How much did Henry spend on the Cornish rebellion and fighting Warbeck?
Only £13,155- recovered by the £14,700 paid in fines by the rebels
What were the aims of Henry’s financial policy?
Be able to fight enemies
Lessen nobility power
Henry’s use of attainder
Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, attained after Bosworth and imprisoned in the tower, released 1489 because turned down chances to escape suring the Simnel plot, attainder was revoked and his title was given back, but Henry only returned some of his lands. He only gained all of his lands back in 1513 under Henry VIII
Retaining
employing and maintaining servants- provided nobles with an army. Laws against illegal retaining 1487 and 1504. The practice of retaining had perpetuated the War of the Roses, so Henry knew it was a threat.
Sources of ‘ordinary’ revenue
Crown lands, customs duties. feudal dues, profits of justice
Sources of ‘extraordinary’ revenue
Parliamentary Grants (Battle of Stoke and war against the French), loans and benevolences, clerical taxes, feudal obligations, the French pension, bonds and recognisances
Weak finances
needed subsidies to go to war
Victim of the retaining laws
Henry’s mother Lady Margaret, countess of Richmond and Derby indicted in 1504
Poynings’ law
Constitution decided in 1494- decreed that an Irish parliament could be summoned and pass laws only with the king’s prior approval. No future legislation was to be discussed unless it had first been agreed by the king and his council. Any law made in England would automatically apply to Ireland.
