Henry VII: Establishing the Dynasty

Question 1

Who were Henry’s mother and father? (And what was their claim to the throne)

Answer 1

Father- Edmund Tudor. Son of Owen Tudor, related by marriage to Henry V

Mother- Margaret Beaufort. Great- granddaughter of John of Gaunt

Question 2

Year and month of the Lovel/ Stafford uprising?

Answer 2

April 1486

Question 3

Why did rebels supporting Stafford and Lovel disperse?

Answer 3

Were offered a pardon by Henry VII who didn’t want to disrupt his royal progress. Example of Henry’s successful policy of ‘calculated mercy’- punish ringleaders but clemency to others

Question 4

Fates of Lovel and the Stafford’s

Answer 4

Lovel escaped
Humphrey Stafford executed
Thomas Stafford pardoned (which was v successful as later didn’t escape when he had the chance)

Question 5

What year was the Yorkshire rebellion?

Answer 5

1489

Question 6

What was the main cause of the Yorkshire rebellion?

Answer 6

Parliament granted a £100,000 subsidy to finance the aid of Brittany, Yorkshire refused to pay because they resented how countries to the north of them were exempt

Question 7

Who defeated the Yorkist rebels and where?

Answer 7

Earl of Surrey, just outside York. King issued pardons but failed to collect more tax

Question 8

What year was the Cornish rebellion?

Answer 8

1497

Question 9

What was the main cause of the Cornish rebellion?

Answer 9

Heavy tax introduced in January 1497 to finance resisting Warbeck and James IV, Cornish refused

Question 10

Who were the Cornish lead by? What was his fate?

Answer 10

Lead by Lord Audley, only he and 2 other local leaders were executed

Question 11

What date was the Battle of the Bosworth?

Answer 11

22nd August 1485

Question 12

Who was an important noble in the Battle of Bosworth?

Answer 12

William Stanley

Question 13

An example of someone punished for his support of Richard III

Answer 13

Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey- attained and remained loyal

Question 14

What happened to Lovel and the Stafford’s after the Battle of Bosworth?

Answer 14

Fled into sanctuary at Colchester

Question 15

What years was Lambert Simnel active?

Answer 15

1486-7

Question 16

Who was Simnel passed of as and by who?

Answer 16

Passed off as the Earl of Warwick by Richard Symonds

Question 17

Who did Simnel gain support from/ where?

Answer 17

Lieutenant Kildare in Ireland proclaimed him king in Dublin and Margaret dowager duchess of Burgundy

Question 18

How did Margaret help Simnel?

Answer 18

Sent money and 2000 German mercenaries

Question 19

Which noble made the situation with Simnel more worrying?

Answer 19

Earl of Lincoln (had his own claim to the throne)- fled to Flanders

Question 20

What year was the battle of stoke?

Answer 20

1487. Pitched battle= THREAT

Question 21

Where and when did the battle of Stoke occur?

Answer 21

East stoke. 16th June 1487

Question 22

Who was defeated at the Battle of Stoke and why?

Answer 22

Yorkist forces defeated led by the Earl of Lincoln- outnumbered 8000- 12000

Question 23

What happened to Symonds and Simnel?

Answer 23

Symonds imprisoned for life. Simnel pardoned and lived in the kings court

Question 24

What years was Perkin Warbeck active?

Answer 24

1491-9

Question 25

Who did Warbeck impersonate?

Answer 25

Richard, Duke of York

Question 26

Who was Warbeck supported by?

Answer 26

Charles VIII (although couldn’t help because of the Treaty of Etaples), Margaret of Burgundy, Maximilian (although did have resources to finance an invasion)

Question 27

Who did Henry execute as traitors for supporting Warbeck in 1495?

Answer 27

Sir William Stanley and Lord Fitzwalter- both close friends, shows Henry’s paranoia

Question 28

Where did Warbeck try and fail to gain support?

Answer 28

Kent- July 1495 Ireland- July 1497 Devon

Question 29

Why was Warbeck a particular nuisance to Henry?

Answer 29

Threatened marriage between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon (alliance with Spain)

Question 30

What was Warbecks fate? Why couldn’t he be punished for treason?

Answer 30

Difficult to be accused of treason because he was a foreigner. Was allowed to remain at court, but tried to escape in 1498 and was imprisoned. Warbeck was charged with trying to escape again in 1499 and hanged

Question 31

Why was there tension between Henry and Edmund de la Pole?

Answer 31

Henry refused to allow him to inherit his fathers dukedom

Question 32

How did Henry react when Edmund and Richard de la pole fled to Flanders? What does this show?

Answer 32

Imprisoned and attained men connected to the de la Poles. Shows Henry’s insecurity

Question 33

How did Henry’s luck change regarding Richard de la Pole and when?

Answer 33

1506- storm caused Philip of Burgundy to seek refuge in England. Henry persuaded Philip to surrender Suffolk.

Question 34

Why were nobility a threat to Henry?

Answer 34

Powerful nobles called magnates: could raise own army, law and order was regional, controlled large areas of land

Question 35

Examples of Henry’s ‘carrots’

Answer 35

Patronage Order of the garter King’s council Great council

Question 36

Examples of Henry’s ‘sticks’

Answer 36

``` Acts of attainder- e.g Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey Bonds and recognisances Feudal dues Retaining Crown lands ```

Question 37

How did Henry ensure the Council of the North remained under control?

Answer 37

Key members were appointed by Henry himself e.g William Sever

Question 38

How did Henry ensure the council in wales and the marches remained under control?

Answer 38

Exploited family links to wales, rewarded their loyalty by appointing key welshmen to positions of power, Arthur made prince of wales

Question 39

How successful was Henry in wales?

Answer 39

Governed a larger proportion of wales than any king had before

Question 40

Why was Henry aware of the danger Ireland could pose?

Answer 40

Simnel and Warbeck received support there

Question 41

How did Henry ensure the Council of Ireland remained under control?

Answer 41

Son Henry made lord lieutenant, sir Edward Poynings made deputy, Poynings’ law meant council couldn’t be called without Henry’s approval

Question 42

Who was Edward Poynings?

Answer 42

One of Henry’s most trusted advisors

Question 43

How successful was Henry in Ireland?

Answer 43

Expense of attempting to rule Ireland became too high, therefore the old Irish chieftains were reinstated and Ireland ceased to be a problem

Question 44

How did Henry impose local law?

Answer 44

Sheriffs and justice of the peace

Question 45

Divine right to rule

Answer 45

dei gratia

Question 46

How did Henry immediately secure his rule?

Answer 46

Dated the official beginning of his reign from the day before the Bosworth. Arranged his coronation for 30 October, before the first meeting of Parliament on 7 November, so that it could never be said that Parliament made Henry king, married Elizabeth 18 January 1486, uniting the Lancastrians and the Yorkists

Question 47

Events of the Lovel and Stafford uprising

Answer 47

Lovel headed North and planned to ambush the king on his royal progress, the Staffords travelled to Worcester to try stir up rebellion. Henry carried on with his progression but sent an armed force to the rebels

Question 48

Events of the Cornish rebellion

Answer 48

Rebels set out from Bodmin and reached Blackheath (outskirts of London) 15,000 strong. Proximity to London worried Henry, who had been diverting his attention on the conflict in Scotland with Warbeck

Question 49

Henry's reaction to Margaret supporting Warbeck

Answer 49

Henry temporarily broke off all trade with Flanders in 1493 even though this jeopardised the cloth trade that was so important to English economy

Question 50

How did Henry first limit the power of nobles

Answer 50

kept the peerage small by limiting the number of new lords he made. Peerage shrank from 62 in 1485 to 42 in 1509

Question 51

What was Henry's alternative to peerage?

Answer 51

the Order of the Garter- honour bestowed on the most important knights who then attained the senior rank of knighthood. No financial obligation vs. the cost for creating peers

Question 52

When did Henry marry Elizabeth?

Answer 52

18 January 1486