Henry VII: Establishing the Dynasty Flashcards
Who were Henry’s mother and father? (And what was their claim to the throne)
Father- Edmund Tudor. Son of Owen Tudor, related by marriage to Henry V
Mother- Margaret Beaufort. Great- granddaughter of John of Gaunt
Year and month of the Lovel/ Stafford uprising?
April 1486
Why did rebels supporting Stafford and Lovel disperse?
Were offered a pardon by Henry VII who didn’t want to disrupt his royal progress. Example of Henry’s successful policy of ‘calculated mercy’- punish ringleaders but clemency to others
Fates of Lovel and the Stafford’s
Lovel escaped
Humphrey Stafford executed
Thomas Stafford pardoned (which was v successful as later didn’t escape when he had the chance)
What year was the Yorkshire rebellion?
1489
What was the main cause of the Yorkshire rebellion?
Parliament granted a £100,000 subsidy to finance the aid of Brittany, Yorkshire refused to pay because they resented how countries to the north of them were exempt
Who defeated the Yorkist rebels and where?
Earl of Surrey, just outside York. King issued pardons but failed to collect more tax
What year was the Cornish rebellion?
1497
What was the main cause of the Cornish rebellion?
Heavy tax introduced in January 1497 to finance resisting Warbeck and James IV, Cornish refused
Who were the Cornish lead by? What was his fate?
Lead by Lord Audley, only he and 2 other local leaders were executed
What date was the Battle of the Bosworth?
22nd August 1485
Who was an important noble in the Battle of Bosworth?
William Stanley
An example of someone punished for his support of Richard III
Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey- attained and remained loyal
What happened to Lovel and the Stafford’s after the Battle of Bosworth?
Fled into sanctuary at Colchester
What years was Lambert Simnel active?
1486-7
Who was Simnel passed of as and by who?
Passed off as the Earl of Warwick by Richard Symonds
Who did Simnel gain support from/ where?
Lieutenant Kildare in Ireland proclaimed him king in Dublin and Margaret dowager duchess of Burgundy
How did Margaret help Simnel?
Sent money and 2000 German mercenaries
Which noble made the situation with Simnel more worrying?
Earl of Lincoln (had his own claim to the throne)- fled to Flanders
What year was the battle of stoke?
- Pitched battle= THREAT
Where and when did the battle of Stoke occur?
East stoke. 16th June 1487
Who was defeated at the Battle of Stoke and why?
Yorkist forces defeated led by the Earl of Lincoln- outnumbered 8000- 12000
What happened to Symonds and Simnel?
Symonds imprisoned for life. Simnel pardoned and lived in the kings court
What years was Perkin Warbeck active?
1491-9
Who did Warbeck impersonate?
Richard, Duke of York
Who was Warbeck supported by?
Charles VIII (although couldn’t help because of the Treaty of Etaples), Margaret of Burgundy, Maximilian (although did have resources to finance an invasion)
Who did Henry execute as traitors for supporting Warbeck in 1495?
Sir William Stanley and Lord Fitzwalter- both close friends, shows Henry’s paranoia
Where did Warbeck try and fail to gain support?
Kent- July 1495
Ireland- July 1497
Devon
Why was Warbeck a particular nuisance to Henry?
Threatened marriage between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon (alliance with Spain)
What was Warbecks fate? Why couldn’t he be punished for treason?
Difficult to be accused of treason because he was a foreigner.
Was allowed to remain at court, but tried to escape in 1498 and was imprisoned. Warbeck was charged with trying to escape again in 1499 and hanged
Why was there tension between Henry and Edmund de la Pole?
Henry refused to allow him to inherit his fathers dukedom
How did Henry react when Edmund and Richard de la pole fled to Flanders? What does this show?
Imprisoned and attained men connected to the de la Poles. Shows Henry’s insecurity
How did Henry’s luck change regarding Richard de la Pole and when?
1506- storm caused Philip of Burgundy to seek refuge in England. Henry persuaded Philip to surrender Suffolk.
Why were nobility a threat to Henry?
Powerful nobles called magnates: could raise own army, law and order was regional, controlled large areas of land
Examples of Henry’s ‘carrots’
Patronage
Order of the garter
King’s council
Great council
Examples of Henry’s ‘sticks’
Acts of attainder- e.g Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey Bonds and recognisances Feudal dues Retaining Crown lands
How did Henry ensure the Council of the North remained under control?
Key members were appointed by Henry himself e.g William Sever
How did Henry ensure the council in wales and the marches remained under control?
Exploited family links to wales, rewarded their loyalty by appointing key welshmen to positions of power, Arthur made prince of wales
How successful was Henry in wales?
Governed a larger proportion of wales than any king had before
Why was Henry aware of the danger Ireland could pose?
Simnel and Warbeck received support there
How did Henry ensure the Council of Ireland remained under control?
Son Henry made lord lieutenant, sir Edward Poynings made deputy, Poynings’ law meant council couldn’t be called without Henry’s approval
Who was Edward Poynings?
One of Henry’s most trusted advisors
How successful was Henry in Ireland?
Expense of attempting to rule Ireland became too high, therefore the old Irish chieftains were reinstated and Ireland ceased to be a problem
How did Henry impose local law?
Sheriffs and justice of the peace
Divine right to rule
dei gratia
How did Henry immediately secure his rule?
Dated the official beginning of his reign from the day before the Bosworth. Arranged his coronation for 30 October, before the first meeting of Parliament on 7 November, so that it could never be said that Parliament made Henry king, married Elizabeth 18 January 1486, uniting the Lancastrians and the Yorkists
Events of the Lovel and Stafford uprising
Lovel headed North and planned to ambush the king on his royal progress, the Staffords travelled to Worcester to try stir up rebellion. Henry carried on with his progression but sent an armed force to the rebels
Events of the Cornish rebellion
Rebels set out from Bodmin and reached Blackheath (outskirts of London) 15,000 strong. Proximity to London worried Henry, who had been diverting his attention on the conflict in Scotland with Warbeck
Henry’s reaction to Margaret supporting Warbeck
Henry temporarily broke off all trade with Flanders in 1493 even though this jeopardised the cloth trade that was so important to English economy
How did Henry first limit the power of nobles
kept the peerage small by limiting the number of new lords he made. Peerage shrank from 62 in 1485 to 42 in 1509
What was Henry’s alternative to peerage?
the Order of the Garter- honour bestowed on the most important knights who then attained the senior rank of knighthood. No financial obligation vs. the cost for creating peers
When did Henry marry Elizabeth?
18 January 1486
