Henry VIII Flashcards
How much money did Henry inherit
300,000
When was the council learned abolished
1511
Why was Buckingham executed in 1521
For muttering issues about the succession
Battle of flodden details
1513
Scots defeated, 10,000 die including James
Seen as Henry’s biggest victory
Examples of old councillors Henry inherited
Fisher
Fox
How long after Henry VII’s death were Epson and Dudley executed
16 months
Why did conciliar government end under Henry
Wolsey impressing Henry on French campaign
Councillors didn’t favour aggressive foreign policy
When was Wolsey made Papal legate
1518
When was the removal of the minions from the privy chamber by Wolsey
1519
Wolsey’s law changes
Star chamber- 1487 to root out corruption
Chancery- permanent judicial committee for poor cases
Finance changes under Wolsey (3)
Act of Resumption 1515- return lands given away
The subsidy 1513, raised 90,000
Amicable Grant 1525, unrest
How much Wolsey raise total in comparison to what was needed
822,000 rather than 1.7 mil which had been spent up until 1520
Wolsey’s administration changes (2)
Eltham Ordinances 1526, instructions to reform privy chamber
Enclosure enquiry 1517- 188 verdicts
When did Charles V sack Rome to prevent the marriage annulment
1527
When was Cromwell chief minister
1532
How was the Church weak which made Cromwell’s job easier
Weakened by humanist critics
Justified divorce through 2 Cambridge theologians
What was act of conditional restraint of Annates 1532
Prevented Bishops sending money to ROme
5 key acts of parliament
Act of Supremacy- Head of Church
Treason act- Treason could be committed in word now
Act in restraint of appeals-
Can’t appeal to Rome
Succession act- Succession vested in the children of Anne
Act annexing the first fruit and tenths- Bishops now paid annates to the King
Cromwell’s financial changes
3 new courts, ward (feudal), augmentations 1536 (income from dissolution) and first fruit an tenths (money sent Rome)
How much did income increase under Cromwell
150,000 to 300,000
Cromwell’s admin reforms
Privy council, 100 down to 20 men, Beurocratic government
Law of Wales act 1536
Council of the North 1536- Limited Bishop of Durham power, more spread out
What was used in the last years of his reign
Dry stamp
How was Henry used by Phillip in 1512
He sent 10,000 men to France which he himself acheived nothing but allowed Phillip to conquer Navarre
1513 foreign policy
French expedition, Tournai and Therouanne through winning Battle of the Spurs
Won battle of flodden back at home
Failures of foreign policy by 1513
Henry had spent all assets given to him
Tournai was sold to French for less than it cost to maintain
Diplomacy 1518-1520
1518 treaty of London, 20 rulers, face value success but war within 3 years
1520 field of cloth of gold, acheived nothing diplomatically and very costly
Treaty of Bruges details
Siding with Charles in war in 1521, believed he could gain french territory
Why was England’s declaration of War on France a failure in 1522
Had no support from imperial forces- Henry abandoned by his allies again
Why was 1525 a rough year
Charles refused a joint invasion with him after battle of Pavia win
Amicable Grant unrest
Why was there no noticeable outrage to the break with Rome
Charles was focused on the Ottomans
What did Henry do in fear of Catholic crusade from 1538 onwards
6 articles
Attempted alliances with German princes
Relations with Ireland
Worsened from 1534 due to religious differences
1541 english gov regained control of Ireland
Scotland events 1542 onwards
Victory at Solway Moss
Failure of treaty of Greenwich 1543
Rage invasion by Hertford 1544
Final French invasion
Boulogne Captured 1544 and then peace agreed 1546
1543 succession act
Regency council for Edward
Rebellion due to Amicable Grant details
4000 taxation resisters for Suffolk and Norfolk
Details of POG
Robert Aske led and 30,000 assembled
Took pontefract
Norfolk sent to agree truce
1537 rebellion gave Henry justification to go back on his promises
Reasons for break with Rome
Annulment and male heir
Boleyn Faction
Anticlericalism
Corruption
Monasticism decline
4 Key religious changes
1536- 10 articles- only 3 sacraments
1537 Bishops Book- Restored them
1539 6 Articles- Private mass and transubstantiation- radical shift back
1543 King’s book- Defended 6 articles but attacked use of images
Causes of Dissolution
- Financial motives
- Patronage and greed
- The imperial idea
- Continental influence
Dissolution events
Biased enquiry 1535
1536 smaller dissolution of 200 pounds or less
1540 larger dissolution
