Elizabeth Flashcards
How often did privy council meet
Daily by 1590s
Cecil contribution to government
Propaganda system
Intelligence system at home and abroad
Intervention in Scotland 1560
Lord Treasurer with Prudent economic policy
Essex contribution
1597 Cadiz expedition
1599 truce with Tyrone
1601 Essex rebellion
Key divisions in privy council
1578 intervention in Netherland, Walsingham and Dudley for, Cecil agaist
1579, Alencon, Cecil vs Leicester
1587- all wanted MQOS dead
1590s- R CECIl vs DEV
Conflicts in parliament
Liz banned talk of marriage 1567
1576 Peter Wentworth freedom of speech
Walter Strickland 1571
1601, Monopolies (golden speech)
Establishing her settlement
Act of supremacy and Uniformity, Royal injunctions, old vestments but communion table for alter 1559
How many Marian Bishops refused oath
2000
How did gov deal with confusion over doctrine
Royal injunctions and 39 articles- moved towards Calvinism
New archbishop of Canterbury after Catholics resign
Matthew Parker
Threats of MQOS
Northern Earls 1569
Ridolfi- Pope, Phillip backed, Norfolk MQOS
Throckmorton- Spanish and papal money, french forces- 1584- Mendoza involved
Babington 1586- Execution attempt- Walsingham intecepts
Gov responses to threats
-Troops to Scotland after Northern Earls
-Act against Papal bulls after ridolfi
-Any priest ordained by pope is treason after Throckmorton
Pros of financial
600,000 from crown lands
Cut costs through no new palaces or naval expenses until 1573
Unpaid officials
300,000 surplus by 1588
Cons of financial
Cecil with lack of reform
WInchester and Leicester owing 70,000
Stagnation of ordinary revenue- fuedal due profits fell, lost pace with inflation
Unpopular measure by 1590s
Catholic Opposition
MQOS plots
Almost stopped early acts in lords
Jesuit and Seminaries from 1580s
Papal Bull 1570s
Gov acts to stop Jesuits and Seminaries
1585 act saying treasonous to be ordained by Pope
1602 ordered all to leave
Puritan opposition
Parliament
Prophesying 1570s, meetings for puritans
Presbyterianism 1580s- Calvinist ,meetings
Vestments controversy in response to 1566 advertisements
Who suppressed the puritans
John Whitgift with his 24 questions for the clergy
Elizabethan Social Legislation
- Poor act 1576, Poor houses and attempted to establish a national system of relief, wasn’t successful
- 1597 poor relief act- Hospitals for ill, work for children and adults- supported deserving poor
1598 act for the punishment of rogues- harsh punishment, whipping etc
1601- Distinguished between deserving and undeserving poor, national relief system- lasted 250 years
Statute of artificers details
1563, Landmark of social legislation by benefitting young full time labourers- full contracts, set maximum wage rates
Though, this led to high unemployment, could have increased to keep pace with inflation- also harsh punishments for not paying suggets an issue (imprisonment)
Government currency efforts / cost of living
- Plans to withdraw debased coinage
- Prices rose not at fault of gov- harvests and pop growth
- 20% bad harvests, 25 starvation buried in Newcastle
- Wider income inequality-
Trade and exploration success
Success
1564- 60% return on investment into Hawkins venture
Drake destroying ships in Cadiz 1587- damages Spain for Armada
Circumnavigation returned with 400,000 worth of treasure
East india company, muscovy company- 25,000 per anum-trade
Trade and exploration failure
John Hawkins last expedition in 1568- bloodshed, San Juan de Ulua
Cecil unloading Spanish bullion led to trade ending 1568
Cloth exports 75% to 74%, still dependent
Security success
Treaty of Blois 1572
Defeating Spanish armada 1588- better guns and ships, prevented full spanish control of coast for invasion
Cecil intelligence system and Walsingham success
She did not succumb to the preas
Security failure
Essex failure to defeat Irish rebels in 1599- received spanish backing
Security jeopardised by treaty of Cateua Cambresis 1559- ended hostilities between france and spain which England had relied on to maintain secure- CAVEAT with French wars of religion for 30 years prevented them being a threat
Support foreign protestants to establish her religious settlement on the international stage
1560 treaty of Edinburgh - secured prot council
Her 1572 expulsion of the sea beggars leads to a protestant revolt against the Spanish- supported her aim of assuring that Spain don’t have firm control of the nation
When she finally decided to intervene, showing she was in control- kept her councillors in check- treaty of Nonsuch 1585- end of her reign Netherlands only loosely controlled by Spanish in the South- Success
Failure of Supporting foreign protestants
Scotland not complete success as James VI briefly plotted under the influence of an agent of the Guise family in 1578
Failure in her support in treaty of Nonsuch because Leicester quarrelled with the dutch returned to England as well as badly paid poorly disciplined, alienated them.
Elizabethan Art and Architecture
Nicholas Hilliard- showed english success and propaganda
Portraiture- Phoenix portrait represented rebirth of England after fire of Mary
Kenilworth Castle- Summer royal progress
Renouned for its symmetry and size
CAV- Only certain artists could paint her
Drama
- Shakespeare- globe, social gap bridged- used as propaganda eg Richard III
-Christopher Marlowe- Jew of Malta - New theatres built in London
CAV- had to have a license, royal backing needed- Earl of Leicester’s players went to Netherlands
Music
Orlando Gibbons church of England music
Secular music with male voices grew
Major element of the arise of gentleman expected to know rules of harmony
Influences of Golden Age
Religion- new music, creation of gentleman class, rational thought, exacerbated by printing press eval arguing other factors
ELizabeth- royal licenses, many arts were driven to impress her or as propaganda eg Kenilworth castle or plays to present her in good light or paintings eg phoenix
Shakespeare- bridging social gap etc, greek tragedies showed humanist growth and was the best aspect argued by many
