Henry VIII 1509 - 1547 Flashcards
What were Henry’s later foreign policy aims?
1) Pursuing an active foreign policy against the French.
2) Gaining honour and glory, especially against his rivals Francis I and Charles V.
3) Maintaining good trade links with the Netherlands and being a good statesman - peacemaker of Europe.
4) Securing the dynasty.
Later foreign policy successes:
1) Managed to avoid an anti-Catholic crusade from France and the Holy Roman Empire through reinstating Catholic doctrine into the Church (Six articles 1539).
2) Attempted to make Protestant alliances through the league of Schmalkalden and marriage to Anne of Cleeves/
3) The Roman Empire eventually fell out in 1539, leading to a joint English and imperial invasion of France in 1544. England captured Boulogne as a result, leading to new pension money from the French.
Later foreign policy failures:
1) became more isolated in Europe.
2) considerable military defeates - Ancrum Moor (1545, Scotland).
3) Failure of Treaty of Greenwich (1543).
4) failure invasion of France in 1544, leading to French support for Scottish invasion of North England, though the invasion never happened.
5) ‘rough wooing’ of the Scots - strained relations between Scotland and England.
How did Henry fail secure his dynasty?
He failed to make any significant marriage alliances for himself or for his family, despite trying to make marriage pacts with most of the major European roayl families.
When was the Second French War?
1523-1525.
What happened in the Second French War?
The three-pronged attack by the Duke of Bourbon, Charles V and Henry VIII did not materialise and Henry was left to pick up the bill. He failed to pursue an active foreign policy against the French.
