Henry VII - Society

Question 1

What was increased in society?

Answer 1

Social mobility

Question 2

What did the nobility dominate?

Answer 2

Land ownership

Question 3

Nobility key points

Answer 3

Used retaining
Controlled by bonds and recognisances
Distrusted by Henry
Maintenance of order in countryside
50-60 men
Families died out regularly
Not closed caste

Question 4

What was bastard feudalism? And what was it like?

Answer 4

In return for service, retainer would receive rewards
Only politically destabilising if monarch is unstable
Abusive system

Question 5

What happened in 1486 to do with retaining?

Answer 5

Peers and MPs took oath against illegal retaining

Question 6

What did Acts is 1487 and 1504 do to do with retaining?

Answer 6

Took action against noble who abused the system

Question 7

What was established in 1487?

Answer 7

Law against retaining

Question 8

What was established in 1504?

Answer 8

Licences from the king for retaining could be sought

Question 9

Who were the greater gentry and where did they fit in?

Answer 9

Immediately below peerage
Landowners
Knighthood
Income

Question 10

Who we’re the lesser gentry and where did they fit in?

Answer 10

More like yeomanry

Loved more modestly

Question 11

How many knights were there in 1490 and what did they do?

Answer 11

500

Assisted administration of localities

Question 12

How much land did peers and knights own?

Answer 12

15-20%

Question 13

What were esquires and ‘mere’ gentry?

Answer 13

More numerous

Question 14

What were the different types of churchmen?

Answer 14

Social status varied
Papacy
Secular clergy
Roman Curia
Cardinals
Archbishops
Bishops
Parish priests

Question 15

What were bishops and abbots of larger religious houses entitled to?

Answer 15

Sit in the House of Lords - political roles

Question 16

What did the lower parish level deal with?

Answer 16

Spiritual needs of ordinary folk

Question 17

Who did Henry appoint as bishops?

Answer 17

Men with legal training

Question 18

What did Pope Martin V declare?

Answer 18

The King of England governed C of E not the pope

Question 19

Who was Henry reluctant to appoint?

Answer 19

People with aristocratic backgrounds

Question 20

Who were commoners?

Answer 20

Lower down but respectable

Question 21

What were rural commoners?

Answer 21

Husbandmen - smaller farms

Question 22

What were urban commoners?

Answer 22

Shopkeepers and Tradesmen

Question 23

What were top level commoners?

Answer 23

‘Middling sort’

Rich merchants and craftsmen

Question 24

What were urban top level commoners?

Answer 24

Lawyers

Question 25

What were rural top level commoners?

Answer 25

Yeoman farmers

Question 26

What was north west of the line from the mouth of the Tees to Weymouth in Dorset?

Answer 26

Pastoral farming

Question 27

What was south east of the line?

Answer 27

Mixed farming

Question 28

What was below the line?

Answer 28

Three quarters of the population

Question 29

What were exceptions?

Answer 29

Pastoral farming dominated in Fens and wood pastures of Kent and Sussex Weald Grain farming and fruit growing in Herefordshire and Welsh border countries

Question 30

What were local government structures?

Answer 30

Justice increasingly administered at county level County towns often contained jails and major churches Areas of magnate influence often cut across county boundaries

Question 31

When was the Yorkshire Rebellion?

Answer 31

1489

Question 32

What was the Yorkshire rebellion?

Answer 32

Resentment of taxation granted by parliament to finance involvement in Brittany Murder of Earl of Northumberland by rebels and his tenants Northumberland’s retainers deserted him in his time of need - punish enemy for deserting Richard III at Bosworth

Question 33

When was the Cornish Rebellion?

Answer 33

1497

Question 34

What was the Cornish Rebellion?

Answer 34

Resentment of taxation to finance campaign against Scotland Much greater threat than Cornish rebellion - greater numbers, attempt to exploit threat by Warbeck, marched on London (only halted at a black heath), questions how effective crowns systems for maintaining order in the countryside were Henry needed to withdraw Daubeney from the Scottish border then it was easily stopped Leaders executed