Henry VII - Key People Flashcards
Thomas, Lord Stanley (1435-1509)
-Henry VIl’s stepfather
-initially stood aside from the battle.
-His intervention on behalf of Henry
proved crucial - he was rewarded
with the title Earl of Derby
-Derby
was key to the exercise of royal power
in the northwest of England and
north Wales during Henry’s reign
Edward, Earl of Warwick (1475-99)
-son of Edward IV’s brother, the Duke of Clarence
-he was placed in the
Tower of London in 1485
-There he remained except for occasional public
appearances
-alleged to have plotted with Perkin Warbeck against
Henry VII in 1499 and was beheaded for doing so
Sir William Stanley (c1435-95)
-the brother of Thomas Stanley, the Earl of Derby, and Henry VIl’s
step-uncle
-rewarded with the post of Lord Chamberlain following
Bosworth - gave him considerable political influence and enabled him to develop his landed estate in Cheshire and North Wales
-a shock when he was accused of treason.
Lambert Simnel
-boy from Oxford
-tutored in courtly manners by
a priest, Richard Symonds
-intention initially of impersonating
Richard, Duke of York, the younger of
the two princes in the Tower, though
he soon switched to impersonating
the Earl of Warwick
-Captured at the
Battle of Stoke
-spared by
Henry VII, who gave him a job in the
royal kitchens.
John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln (c1460-87)
-a nephew of Edward IV and Richard III -Richard IIIs designated successor -regarded as the Yorkist leader in the immediate aftermath of Bosworth.
John Morton (d. 1500)
-highly able churchman and lawyer
-began his public career as a
passionate Lancastrian, but made his peace with the Yorkists to serve Edward
IV, under whom he became the Bishop of Ely
-worked against
Richard III and was promoted for his services by Henry to Archbishop of
Canterbury in 1486
-became a cardinal in 1493.
Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509)
-married Edmund Tudor in 1455 and gave birth to the future Henry VII when aged only 14 - third husband was Thomas, Lord Stanley -she remained an important unofficial adviser to the king -granted a large landed estate by Henry at Collyweston in Northamptonshire -retained her political influence throughout her son's reign -her ability to intervene directly in political affairs was limited because she spent much of her time keeping her own lavish household.
Sir Reginald Bray (d. 1503)
-had been a faithful servant of Henry Tudor for a long time -helped Henry to raise funds before the Battle of Bosworth. -Under Henry's reign his influence was exercised through his role as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster -led the Council Learned in Law -Thomas Penn described him as the king's chief executive. As such he was 'more powerful than most nobles’
Sir Richard Empson (c1450-1510)
-member of the king’s Council from 1494
-chaired the Council Learned
-Closely identified with the increasing
ruthlessness of Henry VIl’s regime - arrested shortly after the
death of the king, charged with treason and executed in the following year.
Edmund Dudley (c1462-1510)
-came to prominence following the death of Bray
-Steven Gunn argues
that his role was to exploit financial opportunities, which gave him ample
opportunity to make influential enemies
-became vulnerable to
counter-attack as soon as he lost the king’s protection
-Upon Henry Tudor’s
death he became accountable for what had been the king’s demands.
Maximilian I (1459-1519)
-Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 to 1519, though he had taken over rule of the Empire in 1486 -In 1477 he had married Mary of Burgundy and through her had gained control of the Netherlands, England's main trading partner.
Charles VIII (1470-98)
-King of France from 1483 to 1498 -ruled in his own right from 1491 -main concern was to assert his claim to the throne of the kingdom of Naples in the Italian peninsula. This reduced any potential threat from Charles to Henry VII.
James IV (1473-1513)
-succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of 15 in 1488 -responsible for the invasion of England in 1496, but did not pursue the policy, making peace the following year -married Henry VIl's daughter, Margaret -killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513.
Gerald Fitzgerald, 8th Earl of Kildare (c1456-1513)
-known as ‘the uncrowned king of Ireland', -leading member of the Irish nobility -Henry became dependent upon Kildare for the maintenance of law and order in Ireland.
John de Verre, Earl of Oxford (1442-1513)
Henry’s most
trusted military commander and led
his troops at the battles of Bosworth
and Stoke.
Giles, Baron Daubeney (c1451-1508)
-originally a Yorkist
-rebelled against Richard III
in 1483, fled to Brittany and
transferred his loyalty to Henry,
for whom he fought at Bosworth
-led the Crown’s forces against
the Cornish rebels in 1497
-succeeded Sir William Stanley as
Lord Chamberlain in 1495.
Richard Fox (c1447-1528)
-began serving Henry VII when he was still in exile -In 1487 became Bishop of Exeter and Lord Keeper of the Great Seal -became successively Bishop of Bath and Wells, Durham and Winchester -along with Morton, managed the Crown's transition to Henry VIll.
Polydore Vergil (c1470-1555)
-Italian humanist
-came to
England in 1502 in the employ of
the Church
-welcomed at
the court of Henry VII and began
writing his History of England in
about 1505
-The first edition was
published in 1513, but a third
edition published in 1555 covered
the period up to 1537.
John Cabot (c1451-98)
-like Christopher Columbus, a native of Genoa -seems to have been a merchant involved in the Venetian spice trade before moving to Spain where his services were in demand as a harbour designer -might have met Columbus in 1493 and his navigational intuition led him to believe that a more northerly course across the Atlantic would reach land more quickly.
John Colet (1467-1519)
-like Grocyn and Linacre, travelled to Italy and was introduced to humanist influences there -After following a largely academic career, he became Dean of St Paul's, and refunded St Paul's School in 1512. -His one surviving sermon was highly critical of the standards of the clergy, and this has led many historians to assume that his views foreshadow those who favoured the antith of Protestantism.
Sir Thomas More (1478-1535)
-distinguished lawyer and humanist scholar, most famous, perhaps, as the author of Utopia -valued councillor to Henry VIII -appointed Lord Chancellor on the fall of Wolsey in 1529, but resigned in 1532 in despair at Henry's religious changes -executed for treason, having denied the royal supremacy.
Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536)
-Dutch scholar whose influential
book The Handbook of a Christian Soldier, published in 1504, sought to
regenerate Christianity through emphasis on education and rejection
of some of the Church’s traditional ceremonies
-satirical works were
highly critical of the abuses of the Church.
