Henry VII's relations with foreign powers (3) Flashcards
What was Henry most focused on?
Maintaining good relations and defense.
Why did Henry want to maintain positive relations with foreign powers? (3)
To ensure:
1) National security
2) Recognition of the Tudor dynasty
3) Defense of the English trading interests
What was Henry’s first major foreign policy involvement?
In Brittany, a fiefdom of the French Crown which had enjoyed effective independence.
What made it look like the French would gain complete control over Brittany?
An invasion in 1487.
What did Henry do in 1489?
He called a Parliament to grant him extraordinary revenue to raise an army against the French.
What were the two main reasons Henry wanted to raise an army against the French?
1) His sense of obligation to the Bretons
2) His fear that direct French control in Brittany could increase a potential French threat to England.
What did England and Brittany agree on?
The Treaty of Redon in February 1489.
What was the Treaty of Redon?
Duchess Anne would pay for a small English army to defend Brittany from the French threat.
At the same time as having a treaty with Brittany what was Henry strengthening?
His alliance with Maxamillion, the Holy Roman Emperor.
What had Maximillion contracted?
A marriage-by-proxy with Anne and had no desire, therefore, for the Duchy of Brittany to fall into French hands.
What happened when the English army went to Brittany?
Anne, fearing the futility of prolonged resistance to the French surrendered and reluctantly married Charles VIII of France.
Due to Anne marrying Charles VIII what did this mean for Henry?
It left him in a difficult position as Maximillion lost interests in the matter and it left the English army marooned in Brittany.
What made the situation worse for Henry during the time when Anne married Charles VIII?
Perkin Warbeck was seeking French backing for his claim to the English throne.
What did Henry do in 1492?
He launched an invasion of France in 1492, rather late in the campaigning season, and the French quickly sought a peace settlement.
What was Charles VIII much more interested in?
Launching an invasion with Italy and therefore would rather seek a peace settlement with Henry.
What did Charles do in November 1492?
At the signing of the Treaty of Etaples in November 1492, Charles VIII agreed to withdraw his support for Perkin Warbeck and to pay a pension to Henry to compensate him for the expense of having to recruited an army of invasion.
What was his foreign relations like with the French in the end?
He had improved his financial position and ensured a period of relative cordiality in Anglo-French relations.
Why was it important for commercial reasons to maintain good relations with the Netherland’s?
The bulk of England’s exports went through the ports of the Netherlands, such as Antwerp and Bruges, which came under Burgundy’s jurisdiction.
How what was the problem with maintaining good relation with the Netherland’s?
Margret of Burgundy sister of Edward IV and Richard III, and the leadnig upholder of the Yorkist cuase.
What was the relation with England and Burgundy like?
Their relation started to deteriorate as a result of the hospitality which Maximiliion and Philip were offering to Perkin Warbeck.
What did Henry put on English trade?
An embargo which he though woudl ease the matter.
What did henry therfore sacrafise by putting an ebargo on English trade?
The commercial interests of London and east-coast merchants which did nothing for his poularity in those parts of the country.
Did relations improve with the Netherlands?
Realtions improved to an extent after Warbeck left Burgundy, and Henry and Philip were able to agree the Intercursus Magnus in 1496.
What was the Intercursus Magnus in 1496?
Brought the trade embargo to an end.
What was the outcomes of the Treaty of Windsor?
A new trade agreement, the Intercursus Malus and Maximillion agreed to hand over their Yorkist fugitive, the Earl of Suffolk, whom Henry promptly imprisoned in the Tower.
