Henry VII Foreign Policy

Question 1

Brittany and France

Answer 1

The independent Duchy of Brittany had provided Henry with refuge when he had fled England in 1471
France had given Henry financial aid for his invasion in 1485
Support for Brittany could antagonise the French
France had the largest and most professional army in Europe

Question 2

Scotland

Answer 2

Scotland’s Auld Alliance with France meant that England could be attacked on two flanks simultaneously
Raids across the border were common and forced England to keep expensive military bases in the form of border garrisons
Scotland was a nuisance rather than a serious threat

Question 3

Spain

Answer 3

The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile had brought together their two kingdoms and turned them into an international power
They were focused on driving Muslims out of Granada
They wanted to retake land from France which meant they were more likely to come into conflict with France

Question 4

Burgundy

Answer 4

Edward IV’s sister, Margaret had married the Duke of Burgundy and offered a base for Yorkist claimants to the throne and their supporters
This was a direct threat for Henry but the importance of the cloth trade made action more complicated

Question 5

Auld Alliance

Answer 5

An alliance between France and Scotland which started in 1295 and was signed by all Scottish and French monarchs, except Louis XI

Question 6

Holy Roman Empire

Answer 6

The power of the Emperor was limited
The Empire had acquired Burgundy in 1477 when Maximillian married Mary of Burgundy
It also had claims to lands in Italy

Question 7

Italy

Answer 7

The rulers of France, Spain and the Empire all had claims to land there
The Italian Wars in 1494 diverted European attention to Mediterranean and made Henry’s position less vulnerable

Question 8

Breton Crisis

Answer 8

1488
France, Brittany
Charles VII
Anne of Brittany
Henry had failed to protect Brittany

Question 9

Anne of Brittany marries Charles VII of France

Answer 9

December 1491

Question 10

Treaty of Etaples

Answer 10

October 1492
France, England
No aid to English rebels
Pay the Treaty of Picquigny and most of Henry’s expenses in Brittany
Annual pension of £5000 (5% of royal income)

Question 11

James III assassinated at Battle of Sauchieburn
James IV becomes king at 15

Answer 11

1488

Question 12

Treaty of Redon

Answer 12

February 1489
England, Brittany
6000 English troops

Question 13

July 1489

Answer 13

Spain made peace with France so it could continue attacks in Grenada

Question 14

Treaty of Medina Del Campo

Answer 14

1489
Arthur and Catherine of Aragon engagement
Spain wouldn’t help English rebels
Important trade clauses
£33,000 - £40,000 from 1485 - 1509

Question 15

Truce of Ayton

Answer 15

1497
Henry offers his daughter Margaret in marriage to James IV
First peace treaty with Scotland since 1328

Question 16

Margaret marries James IV

Answer 16

August 1503

Question 17

Prince Arthur marries Catherine of Aragon

Answer 17

1501
Catherine has a dowry of £50,000
Arthur dies 5months later

Question 18

Henry’s betrothed to Catherine of Aragon

Answer 18

1503

Question 19

League of Venice

Answer 19

Originally England is excluded
Included in 1496 on the condition that England wasn’t bound to war with France
Henry tried to negotiate an anti-Ferdinand alliance with France and Netherlands which failed in 1508 because Louis XII didn’t want to join

Question 20

Castilion Succession Crisis

Answer 20

Isabella of Castile dies in 1504
Who should own Castile?
Joanna was supposed to claim it but Ferdinand didn’t want to let go of it

Question 21

Philip of Burgundy dies

Answer 21

1506