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Wars of the Roses > Henry VI > Flashcards

Henry VI Flashcards

1
Q

What year did Henry V die?

A

1422

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2
Q

How old was Henry VI when he became King of England?

A

9 months old

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3
Q

When did Henry VI become King of France?

A

1431

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4
Q

Who were Henry VI’s parents?

A

Henry V and Catherine of Valois (Charles VI’s daughter)

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5
Q

What year did Henry VI gain control over the government?

A

1437

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6
Q

When did Henry VI marry Margaret of Anjou?

A

1445

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7
Q

Why was Henry’s marriage to Margaret of Anjou a mistake?

A

England lost the French territories of Maine and Anjou
Margaret bought no dowry to the marriage
Margaret was unpopular

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8
Q

When did England lose Normandy?

A

The Battle of Rouen, October 1450

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9
Q

What happened after the loss of Normandy?

A

England hosted an influx of refugees who had settled in Normandy but are now homeless
Reduction in trade
Increase in French naval attacks on the English coast

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10
Q

When was Cade’s Rebellion?

A

1450

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11
Q

What were the reasons for Cade’s Rebellion?

A

To achieve political reform
Unfairly levied taxes
Taxes that had been increased due to mismanagement of Crown lands
The impartial administration of justice and favouritism in court
Aimed to restore the government, not remove it
Blamed his ‘evil advisers’

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12
Q

How many men did Henry VI take to Cade’s Rebellion?

A

10,000

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13
Q

Where were the King’s men ambushed and slaughtered?

A

Sevenoaks

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14
Q

Who were murdered during the revolt?

A

Lord Say and William Crowmer

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15
Q

How many days did the revolt last for?

A

4

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16
Q

What did Margaret of Anjou promise to the rebels if they dispersed?

A

A pardon

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17
Q

Where was Cade killed?

A

Sussex

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18
Q

What happened to Cade’s body?

A

His head was set on a spike in London

The four quarters of his body were sent to Blackheath, Salisbury, Norwich and Gloucester

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19
Q

What did the rebellion demonstrate?

A

The King’s inability to cope in a crisis

Highlighted the extent at which his government had failed

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20
Q

Where was the Duke of York during Cade’s Rebellion?

A

Ireland

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21
Q

When did the Duke of York return to England?

A

September 1450

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22
Q

Did York return to clear his name?

A

Cade had used the name Mortimer which had been York’s mother’s maiden name
In the rebel manifesto there had been a call for the King to take advice from York rather than Suffolk

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23
Q

Did York return to get his loans repaid?

A

In 1450, York had to sell land to make ends meet
He was owed £26,000 by the government
He hadn’t been paid his wages as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland

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24
Q

Did York return to protect his position?

A

Somerset had acquired the position of the king’s chief adviser when York felt it should rightfully be his position
Returned to protect his position as heir presumptive

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25
Q

Did York return to remove Somerset?

A

York felt Somerset was responsible for the loss of Normandy and with it, much of York’s property

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26
Q

Did York return to bring justice and end corruption?

A

September 1450 - York made a public statement calling for the traitors to be brought to justice and at the same time asserting his loyalty to the Crown
He offered his personal assistance to help solve the problems of law and order and the household

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27
Q

Did York return to take the throne?

A

A man was hanged in Ipswich for plotting to put York on the throne
If he had been harbouring hopes of becoming king in 1450, he kept them to himself

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28
Q

When was the Act of Resumption passed?

A

1450

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29
Q

What did the Act of Resumption do?

A

Made it possible to recover most of the grants of land that the King had rewarded his favourites over the last decade

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30
Q

Why did the Act of Resumption humiliate the King?

A

Undermined his authority and ability to offer rewards

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31
Q

When was the Battle of Dartford?

A

March 1452

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32
Q

What did York do in January 1452?

A

Declared his loyalty to the King and swore an oath of allegiance

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33
Q

What did York have to promise?

A

To never again resort to force in order to pursue his political ends

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34
Q

What were the consequences of the Battle of Dartford for York?

A

He wasn’t charged for treason or imprisoned

He was to remain isolated from court for 18 months

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35
Q

Why was the Battle of Dartford unsuccesful?

A

Lack of support from nobility
Open letters forewarned the King of York’s arrival
London remained loyal to the King

36
Q

When was the Battle of Castillon?

A

17th July 1453

37
Q

Where was the Battle of Castillon?

A

Gascony

38
Q

Who was the Battle of Castillon between?

A

France and England

39
Q

Who led England to the Battle of Castillon?

A

Earl of Shrewsbury

40
Q

Why did England lose the Battle of Castillon?

A

England was outnumbered and vulnerable

41
Q

What happened to Shrewsbury?

A

He died at Castillon

42
Q

When did France retake Bordeaux?

A

19th October 1452

43
Q

When did Henry VI enter his first state of catatonic schizophrenia?

A

August 1453

44
Q

When was Prince Edward born?

A

13th October 1453

45
Q

What were the rumours surrounding Prince Edward’s birth?

A

He was the product of an affair because of Henry’s mental state

46
Q

When was the first Battle of St Albans?

A

22nd May 1455

47
Q

How many people were on either side of the Battle of St Albans?

A

7000 Yorkists

2000 Lancastrians

48
Q

What was York’s demand at the Battle of St Albans?

A

The punishment of the Duke of Somerset

49
Q

How long did the Battle of St Albans last?

A

30 minutes

50
Q

What position did York resume after the Battle of St Albans?

A

Chief advisor to the King

51
Q

When was the Battle of Blore Heath?

A

23rd September 1459

52
Q

Who led the Yorkists at the Battle of Blore Heath?

A

Earl of Salisbury

53
Q

How many people were on either side of the Battle of Blore Heath?

A

5000 Yorkists

10,000 Lancastrians

54
Q

How long did the Battle of Blore Heath last?

A

4 hours

55
Q

Who won the Battle of Blore Heath?

A

Yorkists

56
Q

When was the Battle of Ludford?

A

12th October 1459

57
Q

How many people were on either side of the Battle of Ludford?

A

22,000 Yorkists

45,000 Lancastrians

58
Q

What happened at the Battle of Ludford?

A

No fighting
The sight of Henry VI deterred people
People either switched sides or ran away
Lancastrian victory

59
Q

When was the Battle of Northampton?

A

10th July 1460

60
Q

Who returned to England from Calais in 1460?

A

Warwick and Edward, Earl of March

61
Q

What happened at the Battle of Northampton?

A

Heavy rainfall
Lancastrian guns failed to fire
Lord Grey of Ruthin defected to the Yorkist side
Buckingham, Shrewsbury, Egremont and Beaumont died

62
Q

Who won the Battle of Northampton?

A

Yorkists

63
Q

What happened after the Battle of Northampton?

A

The Yorkists captured Henry VI

Queen Margaret and Prince Edward escaped to Harlech Castle

64
Q

When did the Yorkists re-enter London with Henry VI?

A

16th July 1460

65
Q

Where did the Battle of Wakefield happen?

A

Sandal Castle

66
Q

Who joined Margaret of Anjou at the Battle of Wakefield?

A

Earl of Devon and the Duke of Somerset

67
Q

Who spent Christmas at Sandal Castle and later died there?

A

York, Salisbury and Rutland

68
Q

When was the Battle of Wakefield?

A

30th December 1460

69
Q

Who led the Lancastrians at the Battle of Wakefield?

A

Northumberland, Somerset and Clifford

70
Q

What happened to the Duke of York after the Battle of Wakefield?

A

His head was put on display in York with a paper crown

Edward, Earl of March, was now the Duke of York and heir to the throne

71
Q

When was the second Battle of St Albans?

A

17th February 1461

72
Q

How many people were on either side of the second Battle of St Albans?

A

10,000 Yorkists

14,000 Lancastrians

73
Q

What happened after the second Battle of St Albans?

A

Edward, Earl of March became Edward IV

74
Q

When was the Battle of Towton?

A

29th March 1461

75
Q

How many people were on either side of the Battle of Towton?

A

40,000 on either side

76
Q

What happened at the Battle of Towton?

A

Snow and rain blew into the faces of the Lancastrians
Yorkists re-used misfired Lancastrian arrows
The Duke of Norfolk arrived late with 4000 Yorkists
Lancastrians fled
The bloodiest battle on English soil

77
Q

What happened after the Battle of Towton?

A

Henry fled to Scotland with Margaret and Prince Edward

Lancastrian power was broken

78
Q

When was Henry VI reinstated as King?

A

1470

79
Q

When was the Battle of Barnet?

A

14th April 1471

80
Q

How many people were on either side of the Battle of Barnet?

A

10,000 Yorkists

15,000 Lancastrians

81
Q

Who was killed at the Battle of Barnet?

A

Warwick

82
Q

When was the Battle of Tewkesbury?

A

1471

83
Q

How many people were on either side of the Battle of Tewkesbury?

A

3500 Yorkists

6000 Lancastrians

84
Q

Who won the Battle of Tewkesbury?

A

Yorkists

85
Q

What happened after the Battle of Tewkesbury?

A

Henry VI was placed in the Tower of London where he died of mysterious circumstances
Margaret of Anjou was captured
Somerset attempted to seek refuge in Tewkesbury Abbey but was executed 2 days later
The house of York seemed undefeatable

Wars of the Roses (6 decks)

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