Henry VI and the Crisis of the 1450s - David Grossel Flashcards
What year did Henry VI become King?
1422
When was Henry VI crowned King of France?
1431
English success in France depended on alliances with which dukes?
Brittany and Burgundy
The destruction of the Lancastrian Empire in France was almost guaranteed in 1435 when who allied with the French?
Burgundians
When did Henry VI marry Margaret of Anjou?
1445
Why was Henry’s marriage to Margaret of Anjou an error?
No dowry
When was Normandy lost?
1450
Give the name of the battle at which Gascony was lost
Castillion, 1453
Name a key figure who died at Castillion in 1453
Earl of Shrewsbury
What was the only remaining English land left in France?
Calais
What does patronage mean?
Distribution of titles, land and government offices
Who were the Beauforts?
Favourites, Duke of Somerset
How could you gain royal patronage?
Be in the household
Who was blamed for the loss of Normandy?
Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset
Why can the King be blamed for disorder in Kent?
He gave control to favourites, Lord Saye and Sele
Why might Richard, Duke of York end up resenting his job of Lieutenant Governor of Normandy?
It was out of the way, he wasn’t paid and was later sent to Ireland
Why was the Parliament of 1449 not compliant?
Disasters in France, trade embargo Burgundy, blamed clique, Suffolk in Tower
Describe the Cade rebellion
In 1450, Jack Cade (who’s from Kent) led a protest that demanded that the King’s Council should include aristocrats and they supported the Act of Resumption
Act of Resumption
An act of parliament intended to recover Crown lands given away as reward for service
What happened to Henry after Castillion?
He had a mental breakdown
When was Prince Edward born?
October 1453
Who was declared Protector of England in 1454?
Richard, Duke of York
When was the Battle of St Albans and which key figures died?
1455, Northumberland and Somerset
Describe the Loveday of March 1458
An attempt to reconcile opposing factions
Why was Coventry the main base for Margaret of Anjou?
It was a loyal city, it was also large (4th biggest city) and it’s main industry was cloth making
Who was accused of treason by the Lancastrian Council at Coventry in 1459 and what was their response?
- Yorkists and Nevilles
- raised forces
What happened at the Parliament of Devils?
Act of Attainer passed against rebels
Who won the Battle of Northampton 1460?
Yorkists, the King was captured
When and where was Richard, Duke of York killed?
Wakefield in 1460
When was Edward declared King?
March 1461
Give 4 causes of the Wars of the Roses
- Competition for patronage
- Bastard feudalism
- Private feuds
- Weak government and King
