Henry VI and the Crisis of the 1450s - David Grossel

Question 1

What year did Henry VI become King?

Answer 1

1422

Question 2

When was Henry VI crowned King of France?

Answer 2

1431

Question 3

English success in France depended on alliances with which dukes?

Answer 3

Brittany and Burgundy

Question 4

The destruction of the Lancastrian Empire in France was almost guaranteed in 1435 when who allied with the French?

Answer 4

Burgundians

Question 5

When did Henry VI marry Margaret of Anjou?

Answer 5

1445

Question 6

Why was Henry’s marriage to Margaret of Anjou an error?

Answer 6

No dowry

Question 7

When was Normandy lost?

Answer 7

1450

Question 8

Give the name of the battle at which Gascony was lost

Answer 8

Castillion, 1453

Question 9

Name a key figure who died at Castillion in 1453

Answer 9

Earl of Shrewsbury

Question 10

What was the only remaining English land left in France?

Answer 10

Calais

Question 11

What does patronage mean?

Answer 11

Distribution of titles, land and government offices

Question 12

Who were the Beauforts?

Answer 12

Favourites, Duke of Somerset

Question 13

How could you gain royal patronage?

Answer 13

Be in the household

Question 14

Who was blamed for the loss of Normandy?

Answer 14

Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset

Question 15

Why can the King be blamed for disorder in Kent?

Answer 15

He gave control to favourites, Lord Saye and Sele

Question 16

Why might Richard, Duke of York end up resenting his job of Lieutenant Governor of Normandy?

Answer 16

It was out of the way, he wasn’t paid and was later sent to Ireland

Question 17

Why was the Parliament of 1449 not compliant?

Answer 17

Disasters in France, trade embargo Burgundy, blamed clique, Suffolk in Tower

Question 18

Describe the Cade rebellion

Answer 18

In 1450, Jack Cade (who’s from Kent) led a protest that demanded that the King’s Council should include aristocrats and they supported the Act of Resumption

Question 19

Act of Resumption

Answer 19

An act of parliament intended to recover Crown lands given away as reward for service

Question 20

What happened to Henry after Castillion?

Answer 20

He had a mental breakdown

Question 21

When was Prince Edward born?

Answer 21

October 1453

Question 22

Who was declared Protector of England in 1454?

Answer 22

Richard, Duke of York

Question 23

When was the Battle of St Albans and which key figures died?

Answer 23

1455, Northumberland and Somerset

Question 24

Describe the Loveday of March 1458

Answer 24

An attempt to reconcile opposing factions

Question 25

Why was Coventry the main base for Margaret of Anjou?

Answer 25

It was a loyal city, it was also large (4th biggest city) and it’s main industry was cloth making

Question 26

Who was accused of treason by the Lancastrian Council at Coventry in 1459 and what was their response?

Answer 26

• Yorkists and Nevilles

- raised forces

Question 27

What happened at the Parliament of Devils?

Answer 27

Act of Attainer passed against rebels

Question 28

Who won the Battle of Northampton 1460?

Answer 28

Yorkists, the King was captured

Question 29

When and where was Richard, Duke of York killed?

Answer 29

Wakefield in 1460

Question 30

When was Edward declared King?

Answer 30

March 1461

Question 31

Give 4 causes of the Wars of the Roses

Answer 31

• Competition for patronage
• Bastard feudalism
• Private feuds
• Weak government and King