Henry VII - foreign policy

Question 1

How did Henry consolidate support with France at the start of his reign?

Answer 1

1485 - Henry sought out a 1 year peace with Charles VIII to thank him financing his expedition to Bosworth.

Question 2

How did Henry consolidate support with Scotland at the start of his reign?

Answer 2

July 1486 - 3 year truce with James III, continued into James IV’s reign.

Question 3

How did Henry consolidate support with Brittany at the start of his reign?

Answer 3

July 1486 - commercial treaty with Brittany

Question 4

What problems occurred in foreign policy with the Simnel rising?

Answer 4

• Support from Ireland and Gerald Fitzgerald

- Burgundy provided Simnel 2000 mercenary soldiers., despite Burgundy being vital for the cloth trade.

Question 5

When did the problem between Brittany and France begin?

Answer 5

1487: France began threatening to take over Brittany, so Henry sent over volunteers to mediate.

Question 6

In what battle were Brittany defeated?

Answer 6

July 1488 - Battle of St Aubin du Cornier.
Francis of Brittany consequently signed the Treaty of Sablé, which declared that his daughter could not marry without French permission

Question 7

What happened as a consequence of Francis of Brittany dying?

Answer 7

1488 - Francis died, Duchess Anne taken in by France. The annexation of Brittany seemed nigh.

Question 8

What did the Treaty of Rédon agree?

Answer 8

Brittany would pay for 6000 mercenary soldiers from Brittany. Henry maintained throughout he had no intention of War.

Question 9

What was the ultimate outcome of the Brittany crisis?

Answer 9

Brittany was part of France now.

Question 10

What did Henry do as a last attempt to save Brittany?

Answer 10

1491 - Henry announced his intention to claim the French throne.

Question 11

When did Henry siege Boulogne?

Answer 11

October 1492, with 26,000 men.
The significance of this is that it was at the end of France’s season, so he was keen to rid himself of Henry as soon as possible.

Question 12

What happened as a consequence of the siege of Boulogne?

Answer 12

3 November 1492 - Treaty of Étaples: Charles VIII would not help English rebels. He would also give an annual payment of £5000.

Question 13

What marriage was suggested between France and Spain?

Answer 13

Early 1488 - Henry suggests a marriage between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon.

Question 14

What treaty confirmed the Spanish marriage?

Answer 14

March 1489: Treaty of Medina del Campo. Agreed a marriage between Catherine and Arthur. Also trade agreement.

Question 15

What was the purpose of the League of Venice (later known as the Holy League)

Answer 15

1495 - the Pope, Ferdinand, Maximillian, Venice and Milan started the League of Venice to drive Charles VIII out of Italy.
Henry initially didn’t join - wanted to preserve good relations with France.

Question 16

When did Henry join the Holy League?

Answer 16

1496 - under the condition he wouldn’t be obligated to go to War.

Question 17

What foreign relations problems did Warbeck cause for Henry?

Answer 17

1493 - trade embargo on Burgundy.

1495 - James IV accepted Perkin Warbeck into Scotland. Later remedied with the Truce of Ayton.

Question 18

When did Arthur and Catherine marry?

Answer 18

14th November 1501 - married in London.

Question 19

What were the implications of Arthur’s death?

Answer 19

2nd April 1502 - Prince Arthur died. Henry began planning a marriage between Catherine and Prince Henry.

Question 20

When did Elizabeth die?

Answer 20

Feb 1503 - Elizabeth of York died. Henry now had to consider remarrying - his premier choice was Joanna of Naples, but never came to fruition.

Question 21

When did Isabella of Castile die?

Answer 21

26 November 1504 - Isabella died, leaving Castile to her daughter Joanna. Her husband, Philip of Burgundy, persuaded her to take up her inheritance.

Question 22

What problems arose from Isabella’s death?

Answer 22

Ferdinand now only ruled Aragon, not all of Spain. The marriage was no longer quite as appealing.
Furthermore, Philip of Burgundy and Ferdinand were now enemies.

Question 23

How did Henry stab Ferdinand in the back?

Answer 23

1505 - Henry lent Philip money to finance an expedition to claim Castile.
Furthermore, Henry kept Catherine’s dowry.

Question 24

What trade agreement was made with Burgundy, after the trade embargo on them.

Answer 24

Feb 1496 - Magnus Intercursus. Set up amiable trade links.