henry VII foreign policy Flashcards
What 3 aims did Henry want to ensure through Foreign Policy?
- National security
- Recognition of the Tudor Dynasty
- Defence of English trading interests
When was Henry’s first ever involvement in Foreign policy?
- Breton crisis
- An invasion in 1487 looked as if the French would take complete control of Brittany.
What were his main reasons for defending Brittany?
- he felt obligated to the Bretons
- His fear that direct French control of Brittany would be threatening to England
What treaty was agreed between Brittany and England?
Treaty of Redon
February 1489
What did Treaty of Redon agree?
that Duchess of Anne would pay for a small English army to help Prevent the French Threat
Who did Henry attempt to ally with to prevent the French takeover?
Maximillian
Why did Maximillian decline helping England with Brittany?
- Maximillian had no desire to prevent this takeover and he had contracted a marriage-by-proxy with Anne
Why were the English army put into a difficult position in the Breton crisis?
- fearing prolonged resistance, Anne had surrendered and reluctantly married Charles VIII
- After this marriage Maximillian had lost interest
how was the situation in Brittany further worsened?
- Perkin Warbeck, a pretender, had seeked French backing for his claim English throne.
How did Henry counter this problem after Breton crisis?
in 1492, he invaded France because he knew that Charles VIII was more invested in launching an invasion on Italy, therefore would agree to a peace settlement.
What peace settlement was agreed with the French and what were the conditions?
- Treaty of Etaples in November 1492
- Charles VIII agreed to remove support from Perkin Warbeck as well as pay a pension to England to compensate for all the expenses
who was a major trading partner with England?
Burgundy
who was a major obstacle in maintaining relations with Burgundy?
Margaret, duchess of Burgundy
Why was Margaret against Henry VII
she was the sister of Richard III, who Henry had usurped, she was a yorkist.
Who did Margaret seek support from when Perkin Warbeck was active?
Maximillian
Who did Maximillian delegate Burgundy to?
his son Philip
Why did relations deteriorate between England and Burgundy?
they were being hospitable to Perkin Warbeck
How did Henry VII respond to Philip allying with Warbeck?
He had created a trade embargo which stopped trade with Burgundy
when Perkin Warbeck left Burgundy, what stopped the embargo between Burgundy and England in 1496?
Intercursus Magnus
what was demanded in Treaty of Windsor 1506 by Henry VII but never came to be as trading was restored between Burgundy and England?
Intercursus Malus
What was Intercursus Malus?
- Trade agreement from 1506, Henry VII had demanded a trade deal which would put the English Merchants in a stronger position.
- however this never was operative as Magnus had restored trade already
who did Philip and Maximillian agree to hand over due to the Treaty of Windsor?
- Richard de la pole, earl of Suffolk
which couple married to unite Spain?
- Ferdinand of Aragon
- Isabella Castille
Which treaty had been agreed between Spain and England?
Treaty of Medina Del Campo 1489
What were the conditions of Medina Del Campo?
- They offered protection for each other if attacked
- They agreed to not harbour rebels or pretenders
- arranged marriage alliance between Arthur and Catherine
What problems had occured in fulfilling treaty Medina Del Campo?
- the Marriage arrangements of Catherine and Arthur had not run smoothly
What were some reasons the arrangement of Marriage between Arthur and Catherine did not run smoothly?
- Ferdinand was reluctant to allow Cath to marry if England was under threat of Perkin Warbeck
- Henry and Ferdinand argued over Dowry
When did Arthur and Catherine finally get married?
it was agreed in 1499 but they got married in 1501
why did the Marriage alliance break apart between Arthur and Catherine?
Arthur died in 1502
why was Ferdinand reluctant to let Catherine marry Arthur’s brother Henry VIII?
- he had little need for an English alliance
- the marriage required papal dispensation, which could be arranged but at a price
Why did Henry VII lose interest in the marriage alliance between Prince Henry and Catherine?
Death of Isabella Castille, made Ferdinand a less significant political figure
Who were forced to take refuge in England when their ship wrecked in 1506?
Philip of burgundy
Juana castille
How was Henry VII able to take advantage of Philip and Juana being in England?
-He was able to create stronger relations with them through Treaty of Windsor 1506
what were the conditions of the Treaty of Windsor 1506?
- Intercursus Malus
- proposed marriage alliance between Henry VII and Philip’s sister Margaret, ( this never happend)
- Henry’s recognition of Philip and Juana as rulers of Castille. this would strengthen their claim to the spanish throne.
How did Philip’s death cause problems for Henry VII?
- Juana was in grief, had said to have gone mad
- this enabled Ferdinand to become regent of Castille again
- this left Henry VII diplomatically isolated
- Ferdinand ensured that the marriage between prince Henry and Catherine would not happen in Henry VII’s lifetime ( it did happen when Henry VIII became king)
How was relations with Scotland from 1485-95?
Anglo-Scottish relations were often tense, though the first few years of Henry VII reign, relations remained cordial.
What was the turning point in relations with Scotland from 1495-96?
- King James IV became of age in 1488 and in 1495 had offered hospitality to Perkin Warbeck
what did James IV convince Perkin Warbeck to do in 1496?
to cross the Border and invade with an army, however the Army was small and received no support, therefore retreated when they heard and English force was on its way
What did the Cornish Rebellion cause in 1497?
Truce of Ayton 1497
