henry VII foreign policy

Question 1

What 3 aims did Henry want to ensure through Foreign Policy?

Answer 1

• National security
• Recognition of the Tudor Dynasty
• Defence of English trading interests

Question 2

When was Henry’s first ever involvement in Foreign policy?

Answer 2

• Breton crisis

- An invasion in 1487 looked as if the French would take complete control of Brittany.

Question 3

What were his main reasons for defending Brittany?

Answer 3

• he felt obligated to the Bretons

- His fear that direct French control of Brittany would be threatening to England

Question 4

What treaty was agreed between Brittany and England?

Answer 4

Treaty of Redon

February 1489

Question 5

What did Treaty of Redon agree?

Answer 5

that Duchess of Anne would pay for a small English army to help Prevent the French Threat

Question 6

Who did Henry attempt to ally with to prevent the French takeover?

Answer 6

Maximillian

Question 7

Why did Maximillian decline helping England with Brittany?

Answer 7

• Maximillian had no desire to prevent this takeover and he had contracted a marriage-by-proxy with Anne

Question 8

Why were the English army put into a difficult position in the Breton crisis?

Answer 8

• fearing prolonged resistance, Anne had surrendered and reluctantly married Charles VIII
• After this marriage Maximillian had lost interest

Question 9

how was the situation in Brittany further worsened?

Answer 9

• Perkin Warbeck, a pretender, had seeked French backing for his claim English throne.

Question 10

How did Henry counter this problem after Breton crisis?

Answer 10

in 1492, he invaded France because he knew that Charles VIII was more invested in launching an invasion on Italy, therefore would agree to a peace settlement.

Question 11

What peace settlement was agreed with the French and what were the conditions?

Answer 11

• Treaty of Etaples in November 1492
• Charles VIII agreed to remove support from Perkin Warbeck as well as pay a pension to England to compensate for all the expenses

Question 12

who was a major trading partner with England?

Answer 12

Burgundy

Question 13

who was a major obstacle in maintaining relations with Burgundy?

Answer 13

Margaret, duchess of Burgundy

Question 14

Why was Margaret against Henry VII

Answer 14

she was the sister of Richard III, who Henry had usurped, she was a yorkist.

Question 15

Who did Margaret seek support from when Perkin Warbeck was active?

Answer 15

Maximillian

Question 16

Who did Maximillian delegate Burgundy to?

Answer 16

his son Philip

Question 17

Why did relations deteriorate between England and Burgundy?

Answer 17

they were being hospitable to Perkin Warbeck

Question 18

How did Henry VII respond to Philip allying with Warbeck?

Answer 18

He had created a trade embargo which stopped trade with Burgundy

Question 19

when Perkin Warbeck left Burgundy, what stopped the embargo between Burgundy and England in 1496?

Answer 19

Intercursus Magnus

Question 20

what was demanded in Treaty of Windsor 1506 by Henry VII but never came to be as trading was restored between Burgundy and England?

Answer 20

Intercursus Malus

Question 21

What was Intercursus Malus?

Answer 21

• Trade agreement from 1506, Henry VII had demanded a trade deal which would put the English Merchants in a stronger position.
• however this never was operative as Magnus had restored trade already

Question 22

who did Philip and Maximillian agree to hand over due to the Treaty of Windsor?

Answer 22

• Richard de la pole, earl of Suffolk

Question 23

which couple married to unite Spain?

Answer 23

• Ferdinand of Aragon

- Isabella Castille

Question 24

Which treaty had been agreed between Spain and England?

Answer 24

Treaty of Medina Del Campo 1489

Question 25

What were the conditions of Medina Del Campo?

Answer 25

• They offered protection for each other if attacked
• They agreed to not harbour rebels or pretenders
• arranged marriage alliance between Arthur and Catherine

Question 26

What problems had occured in fulfilling treaty Medina Del Campo?

Answer 26

• the Marriage arrangements of Catherine and Arthur had not run smoothly

Question 27

What were some reasons the arrangement of Marriage between Arthur and Catherine did not run smoothly?

Answer 27

• Ferdinand was reluctant to allow Cath to marry if England was under threat of Perkin Warbeck
• Henry and Ferdinand argued over Dowry

Question 28

When did Arthur and Catherine finally get married?

Answer 28

it was agreed in 1499 but they got married in 1501

Question 29

why did the Marriage alliance break apart between Arthur and Catherine?

Answer 29

Arthur died in 1502

Question 30

why was Ferdinand reluctant to let Catherine marry Arthur’s brother Henry VIII?

Answer 30

• he had little need for an English alliance

- the marriage required papal dispensation, which could be arranged but at a price

Question 31

Why did Henry VII lose interest in the marriage alliance between Prince Henry and Catherine?

Answer 31

Death of Isabella Castille, made Ferdinand a less significant political figure

Question 32

Who were forced to take refuge in England when their ship wrecked in 1506?

Answer 32

Philip of burgundy

Juana castille

Question 33

How was Henry VII able to take advantage of Philip and Juana being in England?

Answer 33

-He was able to create stronger relations with them through Treaty of Windsor 1506

Question 34

what were the conditions of the Treaty of Windsor 1506?

Answer 34

• Intercursus Malus
• proposed marriage alliance between Henry VII and Philip’s sister Margaret, ( this never happend)
• Henry’s recognition of Philip and Juana as rulers of Castille. this would strengthen their claim to the spanish throne.

Question 35

How did Philip’s death cause problems for Henry VII?

Answer 35

• Juana was in grief, had said to have gone mad
• this enabled Ferdinand to become regent of Castille again
• this left Henry VII diplomatically isolated
• Ferdinand ensured that the marriage between prince Henry and Catherine would not happen in Henry VII’s lifetime ( it did happen when Henry VIII became king)

Question 36

How was relations with Scotland from 1485-95?

Answer 36

Anglo-Scottish relations were often tense, though the first few years of Henry VII reign, relations remained cordial.

Question 37

What was the turning point in relations with Scotland from 1495-96?

Answer 37

• King James IV became of age in 1488 and in 1495 had offered hospitality to Perkin Warbeck

Question 38

what did James IV convince Perkin Warbeck to do in 1496?

Answer 38

to cross the Border and invade with an army, however the Army was small and received no support, therefore retreated when they heard and English force was on its way

Question 39

What did the Cornish Rebellion cause in 1497?

Answer 39

Truce of Ayton 1497