Henry VII - Consolidation of Power

Question 1

When was the Battle of Bosworth?

Answer 1

22nd August 1485

Question 2

Who was Lord Thomas Stanley?

Answer 2

Henry VII stepfather
Given title of Earl of Derby

Question 3

Who was Sir William Stanley

Answer 3

Brother of Thomas Stanley
Henry’s stepfather
Arranged Henry’s coronation
Helped combined 2 roses
Passed Acts Of Attainders and Forfeiture against yorkists

Question 4

What was an Act of Attainder?

Answer 4

Declared a landowner guilty of treason/rebelling agaisnt a monarch.
Lost land,title and sometimes head heirs were disinherited

Question 5

What was Tonnage and Poundage?

Answer 5

Raised tax for the entirety of the King’s reign - passed by parliament.

Question 6

How did Henry defeat Richard at Bosworth?

Answer 6

Planning - making moves ahead pf time
Support from Brittainy (financially and morally)
Gathered support in south and from the Welsh
Stanley’s help was massive - had he not chose Henry’s side, Henry may have lost as it was 6k against 12k Henry to Richard

Question 7

Why did Henry predate his reign?

Answer 7

To ensure that anyone who had fought on the Yorkist side could be designated a traitor

Question 8

Marry Elizabeth of York in 1486

Answer 8

To unite two houses and end rivalry of 30 years long standing war of War of Roses

Yorkist threats would maybe be less threat to the throne

Marriage was very successful, loved each other very much

Question 9

Be crowned King in October 1485 (a week before parliament met)

Answer 9

To declare that his reign was hereditary and not chosen by parliament

Makes claim more legitemate

Question 10

Begin a process (a journey through the kingdom)

Answer 10

To consolidate his power and lrt his authority be known

It also gained support of locals and become familiar with local lords

Question 11

Get the backing of the Pope

Answer 11

Help legitemise claim further

religious legitemacy

EU diplomat relations
Divine right of kings

Question 12

Who was Edward Earl of Warwick?

Answer 12

Duke of Clarence
Alleged to have arranged plot with Perkin Warbeck

Beheaded in 1499

Question 13

Who was John de La Pole, Earl of Lincoln

Answer 13

Nephew of Edward IV
Richards designated successsor
Regarded Yorkist leader after Bosworth

Question 14

Who did the pretenders act as?

Answer 14

The princes in the tower

Earl of Warwick
Duke Of York Richard

Question 15

Who was Margaret of Burgundy?

Answer 15

Married to Duke of Burgundy - Maximillian
England’s biggest trading partner (Burgundy)
Encourage ambitions of Yorkist claimants
Never reconciled to Tudor Takeover

Question 16

Name all the threats to Henry in the early years of his reign?

Answer 16

Viscount Lovell and Stafford
Lambert Simnel and rebellion of EARL OF LINCOLN
Perkin Warbeck imposture
Earl Of Warwick
Edmund De La Pole, Earl of Suffolk, Richard de la Pole

Question 17

When was the first rebellion?

Answer 17

In 1486 and was led by Viscount Lovell and Henry Stafford.

They were motivated by a combination of Richard loyalty and that Henry would strip their power

Question 18

What happened in the rebellion?

Answer 18

Lovel tried ro raise rebellion in the North, and Stafford tried to raise an army against Henry in midlands

Question 19

What were the consequences?

Answer 19

Stafford was captured and executed but his younger brother Thomas was pardoned
Lovell managed to escape King’s forces

Question 20

What was significant about the rebellion?

Answer 20

Little enthusiam at this stage for a Yorkist rising rebellion.
No noble support or foreign aid
Events showed possibility of coordinating regional unrest

Question 21

What was the rebellion in 1487?

Answer 21

Rebellion of Lambert Simnel and the rebellion of Earl of Lincoln

Lambert pretended to be Earl Of Warwick

Question 22

How did they change their approach to rebellion?

Answer 22

Got a figurehead who could claim to be a Yorkist prince
Got Financial support to generate a significant military threat to Henry.

Question 23

Significant events of the rebellion?

Answer 23

John De La Pole served as a royal councillor to Henry but then fled his court in 1487 and helped in the warbeck plot and flrd to his aunt Marg of Burgundy. He planned to either remove Simnel once he suceeded in plot or restore Warwick and take it for himself.
Henry took real Earl of Warwick for all London to see.
2k German mercenaries sent to england for Simnel by Marg w irish soldiers of ab 6-8k men (as Simnel was crowned King of Ireland).

Question 24

Why did Simnel’s rebellion not attract support?

Answer 24

English put off by sight of wild irish soldiers
Lord and gentry cautious after Lovell’s rebellin
Rebels moved at such speed that recruiting was hard
Henry hadnt done anything wrong since his succession
Star Chamber act had just been passed which scared people
Majority of people wanted peace after Richard 3rd.

Question 25

What did Henry do in response?

Answer 25

Put EoN in charge if North (gamble )

Question 26

Evenets of Battle of Stoke Field 1487?

Answer 26

Henry gathered group of close advisors
Two armies met near east Stoke.
Henry not confident as he thought he’d be double crossed like Richard was.
Earl of Oxford led battle and Earl of Lincoln was killed

Victory was very significant as it brought end to war of roses as it safened Henry’s position.

Question 26

What did Battle of Stoke Field lead to the development of?

Answer 26

Dveleopment of bonds of good behaviour
(rewarding)

Question 27

When was the Perkin Warbeck imposture and how long did it go on for?

Answer 27

1491, Lasted several years

Question 28

Who did he claim to be?

Answer 28

Richard Duke of York

Question 29

Who was a significant figure involved in the plot?

Answer 29

Sir William Stanley, Henry’s stepuncle andd his Lord chamberlain.

Question 30

What were the issues with Warbecks rebellion

Answer 30

Henry saw right round him. He tried to go to Sctoland for help but a negotiation of a marriage of convenience with Henrys daughter and King of Scotland’s son meant Warbeck was thrown aside.

Question 31

What did Warbeck fail to do?

Answer 31

Add fire to the Cornish rebellion with troops given by Marg of Burg.

Question 32

What were the consequences of the impsoture?

Answer 32

He was executed with the Earl of Warwick in 1499 after being accused of treason.

Question 33

Who were Edmund De La Pole and Richard De La Pole?

Answer 33

Younger brothers of Earl of Lincoln

Question 34

What did Edmund do?

Answer 34

Fled to Flanders (France) in 1498 after killing a man due to appear before the King’s court. Persuaded to return after a short exile but fled again with his brother in 1501. Sought refuge in court of Maximillian (HRE)

Question 35

How did Henry respond?

Answer 35

Offered Maximillian £10k in a desparate attempt to hand over brothers. In total they received £250k of loans they never repayed.

Question 36

How were the brothers captured?

Answer 36

Phillip (Margs son) blew on coast of England coast. He surrended Earl of Suffolk (Edmund). Richard de la Pole killed fighting for French in battle anyways.

Question 37

Overall how strong was Henry’s consolidation of Power?

Answer 37

Quite decent, he dealt with all problems swiftly and they never really caused any major threats (other than de la poles who hit him hard financially). But overall it was strong and he was establish his authoirity, especcially thought major event that was Battle of Stoke Field, and him using various methods to legitamise his claim (eg religion and not parliament chosen).