Henry VII - Consolidation of Power Flashcards
When was the Battle of Bosworth?
22nd August 1485
Who was Lord Thomas Stanley?
Henry VII stepfather
Given title of Earl of Derby
Who was Sir William Stanley
Brother of Thomas Stanley
Henry’s stepfather
Arranged Henry’s coronation
Helped combined 2 roses
Passed Acts Of Attainders and Forfeiture against yorkists
What was an Act of Attainder?
Declared a landowner guilty of treason/rebelling agaisnt a monarch.
Lost land,title and sometimes head heirs were disinherited
What was Tonnage and Poundage?
Raised tax for the entirety of the King’s reign - passed by parliament.
How did Henry defeat Richard at Bosworth?
Planning - making moves ahead pf time
Support from Brittainy (financially and morally)
Gathered support in south and from the Welsh
Stanley’s help was massive - had he not chose Henry’s side, Henry may have lost as it was 6k against 12k Henry to Richard
Why did Henry predate his reign?
To ensure that anyone who had fought on the Yorkist side could be designated a traitor
Marry Elizabeth of York in 1486
To unite two houses and end rivalry of 30 years long standing war of War of Roses
Yorkist threats would maybe be less threat to the throne
Marriage was very successful, loved each other very much
Be crowned King in October 1485 (a week before parliament met)
To declare that his reign was hereditary and not chosen by parliament
Makes claim more legitemate
Begin a process (a journey through the kingdom)
To consolidate his power and lrt his authority be known
It also gained support of locals and become familiar with local lords
Get the backing of the Pope
Help legitemise claim further
religious legitemacy
EU diplomat relations
Divine right of kings
Who was Edward Earl of Warwick?
Duke of Clarence
Alleged to have arranged plot with Perkin Warbeck
Beheaded in 1499
Who was John de La Pole, Earl of Lincoln
Nephew of Edward IV
Richards designated successsor
Regarded Yorkist leader after Bosworth
Who did the pretenders act as?
The princes in the tower
Earl of Warwick
Duke Of York Richard
Who was Margaret of Burgundy?
Married to Duke of Burgundy - Maximillian
England’s biggest trading partner (Burgundy)
Encourage ambitions of Yorkist claimants
Never reconciled to Tudor Takeover
Name all the threats to Henry in the early years of his reign?
Viscount Lovell and Stafford
Lambert Simnel and rebellion of EARL OF LINCOLN
Perkin Warbeck imposture
Earl Of Warwick
Edmund De La Pole, Earl of Suffolk, Richard de la Pole
When was the first rebellion?
In 1486 and was led by Viscount Lovell and Henry Stafford.
They were motivated by a combination of Richard loyalty and that Henry would strip their power
What happened in the rebellion?
Lovel tried ro raise rebellion in the North, and Stafford tried to raise an army against Henry in midlands
What were the consequences?
Stafford was captured and executed but his younger brother Thomas was pardoned
Lovell managed to escape King’s forces
What was significant about the rebellion?
Little enthusiam at this stage for a Yorkist rising rebellion.
No noble support or foreign aid
Events showed possibility of coordinating regional unrest
What was the rebellion in 1487?
Rebellion of Lambert Simnel and the rebellion of Earl of Lincoln
Lambert pretended to be Earl Of Warwick
How did they change their approach to rebellion?
Got a figurehead who could claim to be a Yorkist prince
Got Financial support to generate a significant military threat to Henry.
Significant events of the rebellion?
John De La Pole served as a royal councillor to Henry but then fled his court in 1487 and helped in the warbeck plot and flrd to his aunt Marg of Burgundy. He planned to either remove Simnel once he suceeded in plot or restore Warwick and take it for himself.
Henry took real Earl of Warwick for all London to see.
2k German mercenaries sent to england for Simnel by Marg w irish soldiers of ab 6-8k men (as Simnel was crowned King of Ireland).
Why did Simnel’s rebellion not attract support?
English put off by sight of wild irish soldiers
Lord and gentry cautious after Lovell’s rebellin
Rebels moved at such speed that recruiting was hard
Henry hadnt done anything wrong since his succession
Star Chamber act had just been passed which scared people
Majority of people wanted peace after Richard 3rd.
What did Henry do in response?
Put EoN in charge if North (gamble )
Evenets of Battle of Stoke Field 1487?
Henry gathered group of close advisors
Two armies met near east Stoke.
Henry not confident as he thought he’d be double crossed like Richard was.
Earl of Oxford led battle and Earl of Lincoln was killed
Victory was very significant as it brought end to war of roses as it safened Henry’s position.
What did Battle of Stoke Field lead to the development of?
Dveleopment of bonds of good behaviour
(rewarding)
When was the Perkin Warbeck imposture and how long did it go on for?
1491, Lasted several years
Who did he claim to be?
Richard Duke of York
Who was a significant figure involved in the plot?
Sir William Stanley, Henry’s stepuncle andd his Lord chamberlain.
What were the issues with Warbecks rebellion
Henry saw right round him. He tried to go to Sctoland for help but a negotiation of a marriage of convenience with Henrys daughter and King of Scotland’s son meant Warbeck was thrown aside.
What did Warbeck fail to do?
Add fire to the Cornish rebellion with troops given by Marg of Burg.
What were the consequences of the impsoture?
He was executed with the Earl of Warwick in 1499 after being accused of treason.
Who were Edmund De La Pole and Richard De La Pole?
Younger brothers of Earl of Lincoln
What did Edmund do?
Fled to Flanders (France) in 1498 after killing a man due to appear before the King’s court. Persuaded to return after a short exile but fled again with his brother in 1501. Sought refuge in court of Maximillian (HRE)
How did Henry respond?
Offered Maximillian £10k in a desparate attempt to hand over brothers. In total they received £250k of loans they never repayed.
How were the brothers captured?
Phillip (Margs son) blew on coast of England coast. He surrended Earl of Suffolk (Edmund). Richard de la Pole killed fighting for French in battle anyways.
Overall how strong was Henry’s consolidation of Power?
Quite decent, he dealt with all problems swiftly and they never really caused any major threats (other than de la poles who hit him hard financially). But overall it was strong and he was establish his authoirity, especcially thought major event that was Battle of Stoke Field, and him using various methods to legitamise his claim (eg religion and not parliament chosen).
