Henry VII

Question 1

When was the Battle of Bosworth ?

Answer 1

August 22nd 1485

Question 2

When did Henry say the Battle of Bosworth was and why?

Answer 2

August 21st 1485, he back dated his reign so that he could call any of his opponents traitors and say Richard II usurped him.

Question 3

The two house had a name and a rose, what were they? How long did the War of the Roses last?

Answer 3

They were the Yorkist (white rose) and Lancastrians (red rose) and battled for the crown from 1455-1485 in a series of dynastic civil wars, later called the War of the Roses

Question 4

Who were the Nobility and Gentry, how many of them were there?

Answer 4

A group of men (between 40-60) who held high titles and aided in the governance and society, it was crucial for a safe and successful reign that the monarch have a good relationship with the nobility.

Question 5

Who was Henry’s claim to the throne, from what side, and what kind of claim did he have?

Answer 5

Henry’s claim was through his mother and grandmother, Catherine Swynford and Margaret Beaufort, who were Lancastrians. He had a weak and tenuous claim to the throne through an illegitimate line.

Question 6

Who was Henry II wife, when did they marry and what was the significance of their marriage?

Answer 6

Henry’s wife was Elizabeth of York, she had the strongest claim to the throne through Yorkist lineage being the daughter of Edward IV. They married on the 18th January 1486. The significance was they joining of the two houses to create one dynasty.

Question 7

When was Henry and his wife coronation?

Answer 7

Henry’s coronation was on the 30 October 1485, Elizabeth was not until the 25 November 1487.

Question 8

When was Henry’s first parliament and what are the dates to his reign?

Answer 8

7 November 1485

1485-1509

Question 9

what was Lovell’s rebellion, when was it and what is the significance?

Answer 9

Francis Lovell and the Stafford brothers, wanted to seize the king whilst on his progression in the North. Francis Lovell was a minor noble but a firm Yorkist. Henry caught wind of rebellion early and sent armed forces to meet them in 1486. The rebellion was insignificant but showed discontent in the North

Question 10

Who was Lambert Simnel?

Answer 10

An Oxford priest tried passing off Simnel as on the of the princes in the tower, Then he was attempted to pass of as the Earl of Warwick who was imprisoned in the tower at this time. Simnel was just a puppet being used by John de la Pole and other Yorkists.

Question 11

What were the causes of the Lambert Simnel Rebellion (1486-87) ?

Answer 11

• Factional grievances, wanted Yorkist king
• The Act of Resumption in 1485 placed all land previously granted by a Yorkist king back under crown ownership
• Foreign support made rebellions possible especially from Margaret of Burgundy who was Edward + Richards sister
• Ireland was very pro-Yorkist so were quick to offer support as the liked Richards Duke of York

Question 12

What are some key events that occurred during the Simnel rebellion (Battle of Stoke)?

Answer 12

• May 1487 Simnel was taken to Dublin and proclaimed King, Margaret sent 2000 mercenaries to help
• The two sides met at the Battle of Stoke on 16th of June and after three hours of fighting, Henry’s forces emerged triumphant.

Question 13

Who was Perkin Warbeck?

Answer 13

In 1491 Warbeck appears in Ireland and believed to be the Earl of Warwick. Warbeck denied this and said he was Richard, Duke of York- one of the princes in the Tower.

Question 14

What foreign supported did Warbeck receive?

Answer 14

In Nov 1493 he was with Maximilian in Vienna, here he was gaining support from King Charles VIII of France, Margaret of Burgundy and the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian

Question 15

Why was the foreign support quite weak?

Answer 15

Maximilian was far less powerful than originally thought and Charles VIII lost interest as he was invading Italy in 1494. Henry also had a network of spies so uncovered many plots against him.

Question 16

Who was Sir William Stanley?

Answer 16

Stanley was the Earl of Derby and played a vital role in the Battle of Bosworth, joining Henry’s forces last minute and helping him to secure the throne. He was awarded to be chamberlain to Henry. He was implicated in a plot to overthrow Henry and executed in 1495.

Question 17

What are some key events that occurred during the Warbeck rebellion?

Answer 17

Warbeck attempted to land in Deal in Kent but failed to gather support so went to Ireland but also failed. In Nov Warbeck arrived in Scotland where he was accepted as Richard IV. he then attempted an invasion but no one south of the border was willing to support him. Warbeck eventually sailed to Devon where he raised a few thousand but failed to gather real support. he was found guilty of treason hanged on the 16th of Nov

Question 18

What children did Henry VII and Elizabeth have?

Answer 18

Prince Arthur, first born, Henry VIII, Margaret and Mary Tudor

Question 19

What was the treaty of Medina del Campo?

Answer 19

The treaty was an alliance between England and Spain. it was created in 1489 and the most important clause of the treaty was the future marriage between Henry’s son Arthur, and a Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon. It also said Spain and England would not make treaties with France without sounding the other first The marriage took place in proxy in 1499 then for real in 1501.

Question 20

What was the Council Learned in Law?

Answer 20

The council investigated feudal rights that were forgotten or had lapsed in a way to reclaim land or use certain laws for the monarch to increase their power. They also enforced bonds and recognises

Question 21

What are bonds and recognises?

Answer 21

Henry VII’s bonds were written agreements in which people promised to pay a sum of money if they failed to carry out their promises. Recognisances were a formal acknowledgement of a debt or an obligation that already existed, with the understanding to pay money if this obligation was not met.

Question 22

What is the Royal Council?

Answer 22

The Royal Council advised Henry and helped him with day-to-day government. Although 227 men were listed it was much smaller in practice with John Morton and Reginald Bray being important councillors.

Question 23

What is the Privy Chamber

Answer 23

Saw to the monarchs personal needs, had great access to the monarch and could influence their decisions.

Question 24

When and what was the Act of Resumption?

Answer 24

The act was passed in 1486 and returned to the Crown all land it had given away since 1455.

Question 25

What are Acts of Attainder?

Answer 25

These acts meant the monarch could assume judicial powers, they were needed after the Battle of Stoke (1487), the Northern Rebellion (1489) and against William Stanley (1495)

Question 26

What was the Treaty of Etaples?

Answer 26

France took control of Brittany which caused the Breton Crises. The 1492 treaty ended that crisis and gave Henry an annual income and a guarantee that France would not shelter any English rebels.

Question 27

What is the Holy League?

Answer 27

The Holy League was an alliance of France’s rivals in the continuing Italian Wars, England joined in 1496 but stayed neutral.

Question 28

Key treaties and events with Scotland from 1486-1503.

Answer 28

England made a truce with Scotland in 1486. in 1497, James and Warbeck disastrously invaded England. The Truce of Ayton was then signed which became the Treaty of Perpetual Peace in 1502. In 1503 there was a marriage alliance with Henry’s daughter, Margaret and James IV.

Question 29

When was the Cornish rebellion and what are its causes?

Answer 29

Henry VII raised taxes in Cornwall to defend England against an attack from Scotland and Perkin Warbeck. Cornwall was poor and this sparked a rebellion. The most serious rebellion of Henry’s reign. Hundreds or rebels were killed and leaders executed.

Question 30

When was the Yorkshire rebellion and what are its causes?

Answer 30

Henry raised taxes in the north to protect the south. The rebellion broke out in April 1489 and the king’s tax collector, Earl of Northumberland was murdered. The rebels were defeated by forces led by the Earl of Surrey.

Question 31

What religion was England and what kind of powers and problems did it face.

Answer 31

The religion was catholic but, there were smaller movements such as Lollardy which are seen as a predecessor to Protestantism. One 60% of parish churches were renovated or rebuilt in the 15th century. It faces many problems such as absenteeism, simony (selling positions in the church)

Question 32

Who are the Yeomen and Artisans? Who do they fall below, how many of them were there ect?

Answer 32

The yeomen fall below the land owning elites and there are an estimates 60,000 of these men by 1600. They owned some land which provided security as they were less affected by price rises or rent increases. The Artisans were skilled craftsmen who became particularly prosperous in the wool and cloth trade. This class were often better-educated, natural leader of their communities; and rebellions. They became less involved in rebellions and more in local governance.

Question 33

Who are the peasants, what percentage of the population were they?

Answer 33

The vast majority of people in England were peasants who worked in agriculture. Usually, peasants did not own land. It’s estimated that 40% (2/5) of the English population were living on the margin of subsistence , any social and economic crisis would push this groups to hardship, anger and rebellions.

Question 34

Who are the vagrants and beggars?

Answer 34

These were people without masters who roamed the countryside. They were particularly feared because they were not under the control of anyone. Vagrants and beggars were harshly treated and punished under the Tudor Acts of Parliament.