case studies Flashcards
Henry VII (1485-1507)
Lambert Simnel
Dates- 1486-1487
The Pretenders who challenged the succession.
Dynastic factional politics between Yorkists and Lancastrians.
Key individuals/ foreign powers - Attempt to link with Ireland and Burgundy, (John) De la Poles, Margaret of Burgundy, Earl of Kildare
Key locations - Yorkist strong holds in the north, Ireland, Scotland, Burgundy
There were multiple reasons the threat was serious but short lived. The threat was serious as Simnel had gained enough support to get together an army. It was the biggest threat Henry had to defend against but he did so well. The rebels made a mistake by claiming Simnel was the Earl of Warwick, who was imprisoned in the Tower, and this was a way they did not gain so much support. Henry was fast to respond with troops who put down the rebellion and won the battle. The battle was won by Henry which in a way gave him more power and authority as a king
Henry VII (1485-1507)
Perkin Warbeck
Dates 1491-1499
The Pretenders who challenged the succession.
Dynastic factional politics between Yorkists and Lancastrians.
Key Individuals/ foreign powers - William Stanley was Henry’s chamberlain (huge betrayal) He was executed in 1495. Earl of Kildare, Maximillian from the Holy Roman Empire, Margaret of Burgundy,
Key locations - Yorkist strong holds in the north, Ireland, Scotland, Burgundy, France, Deal - Kent, Cornwall
Warbeck also gained support from the king of Scotland, James IV, Margaret of Burgundy also gave Warbeck much support, giving money and troops and trying to fuel the rebellion.
Henry used the Star Chamber, along with bonds and recognises, as well as Acts of Attainder to gain power over his friends and enemies. He would reward those who were loyal to him but use bonds and acts to take land, titles and money away from those who opposed him or attempted to rebel against him.
Warbeck was eventually captured and executed and the rebellion was suppressed
Henry VIII (1509-1547)
Pilgrimage of Grace
Dates - October 1536 → Bigods rising - 1537
Rebellion arising from domestic discontent with regards to the social, economical, political and religious circumstances of the time period
Key individuals - Robert Aske, Sir Francis Bigod + John Hallam
Key locations: York Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, Cumberland, Westmorland, Bedfordshire, Barnard Castle, Skipton castle, Pontrefact castle (most important in the north)
On the surface the Pilgrimage of Grace was caused by the dissolution of monasteries in the North as the North relied heavily on monasteries. However, there were a multitude of different factors which resulted in the POG such as economical factors and enclosure.
Henry VIII (1509-1547)
Pilgrimage of Grace
Timeline
Rebellion arising from domestic discontent with regards to the social, economical, political and religious circumstances of the time period
10 October 1536 - Rebellion begins in the East Riding of Yorkshire more than 10,000 people join and help take over York
16 October 1536 - Yorkshire rebels enter York; rebellion spreads to Westmoreland
18 October 1536 - Northern Riding rebels reach York and capture Barnard Castle
19 October 1536 - Henry VIII disbands army gathered at Ampthill, Bedfordshire
21 October 1536 - Rebels besiege Skipton Castle; Lord Darcy surrenders Pontefract Castle and joins the rebellion
23-24 October 1536 -The Duke of Norfolk and his army reach Newark-on-Trent; negotiations begin with the rebels with an army of about 8,000 men , in comparison to over 30,000 rebels
27 October 1536 - Rebels’ representatives present their petition to Norfolk, also at this point the rebellion has covered most of the North and the North East - except in Lancashire where Lord Derby remained loyal to Henry
2-18 November 1536 -Rebels’ representatives present petition to the king of London and return with the offer or more negotiations
21 November 1536 - Meeting of the rebels’ council at York to discuss the king’s offer
2-4 December 1536 - Rebels draw up petition of 24 Articles at Pontefract
6 December 1536 - Meeting between rebels and Norfolk
8 December 1536 - King’s pardon published to the rebellions
Edward VII (1547-1553)
Kett’s Rebellion
Dates - 1549
Rebellion arising from domestic discontent with regards to the social, economical, political and religious circumstances of the time period
Key locations - Norfolk and Norwich (midlands and east of England)
Key individuals - Robert Kett
Reason for rebellion - This rebellion was ostensibly due to agrarian discontent, land which was used for either arable farming or animal farming, but it can also be linked to other political and economic issues.
The rebels wanted to put an end to enclosure, as it was causing much discontent as the commonwealth was being negatively impacted at the hands of landowners. They were also demanding better local governance. They were mainly opposing fold closure which was when landlords used their tenants land to graze sheep, the landlords were abusing power and not getting prosecuted so the rebels decided to take justice into their own hands
Edward VII (1547-1553) Kett's Rebellion
Rebellion arising from domestic discontent with regards to the social, economical, political and religious circumstances of the time period
1548 - Enclosure commissions are issued but are unsuccessful
April 1549 - Somerset reissues the enclosure commissions in Bristol
May 1549 - Enclosure riots in Wiltshire, Somerset and Bristol
20 June 1549 - Enclosure riots in Norfolk
1 July 1549 - Gentry and Nobility from the South summoned to a council at Windsor
5 July 1549 - Protests in Essex
6-8 July 1549 - Enclosure riots at Wymondham (Norfolk); Robert Kett emerges as the leader of the rebellion
10-12 July 1549 - Rebels form camp at Mousehold Heath, Norwich
14-15 July 1549 - Other rebel camps from at Downham Market (Norfolk) and Ipswich (Suffolk)
21 July 1549 - Government pardon offered in return for the rebels’ dispersal
22 July 1549 - Rebels take over Norwich
30 July 1549 - Royal army led by William Parr arrives at Norwich and offers a pardon
31 July 1549 - Rebels overrun Norwich again
8 August 1549 - France declares war on England
23 August 1549 - Royal army arrives under the Earl of Warwick
24 August 1549 - Earl of Warwick enters Norwich
26 August 1549 - Arrival of additional 1,000 mercenaries; rebels’ supply lines cut; rebels move to Dussindale
27 August 1549 - Rebels defeated at Dussindale
7 December 1549 - Kett hanged
Elizabeth (1558-1603)
Revolt of the Northern Earls
Dates - 1569-70
This rebellion was a noble rebellion, arising from nobles in the north. The main factors which caused this rebellion were political and economical, but there are less significant religious and social factors as well.
Key locations - The north, Northumberland, Westmoreland, Durham, Barnard castle, Yorkshire.
key individuals - Earl of Northumberland and the Earl of Westmoreland
The queen appointed more protestant ‘outsiders’ to the Council of the North in an attempt to stop any more rebellions, or at least to have more control in the north in the case of a rebellion. These were political causes for the rebellion.
Importance of economic causes- Contributing factor but insufficient to cause a rebellion on its own, yet economic factors still played a part
1562, The Earl of Northumberland asked the Earl of Pembroke to ask the queen from a loan of £1000, but it was rejected
1568, Westmoreland had to borrow £80 from George Bowes
1568, The crown refused to pay compensation to the Earl of Northumberland for a copper mine located on his land
Elizabeth (1558-1603)
Revolt of the Northern Earls
Dates - 1569-70
This rebellion was a noble rebellion, arising from nobles in the north. The main factors which caused this rebellion were political and economical, but there are less significant religious and social factors as well.
May 1568 - Arrival of Mary, Queen of Scots in England and plot to marry her to Norfolk
16 September 1569 - Duke of Norfolk leave Court and takes up residence in Kenninghall
1 October 1569 - Norfolk surrenders to the queen. Norfolk boldens the rebellion when he surrenders to the queen
6 October 1569 - The earls waver/ temporarily abandon their plans to marry MQS and Norfolk due to his surrender
9 October 1569 - Earl of Sussex (President of the Council of the North) questions Northumberland and Westmorland as to try to not increase conflict massively but to still do something about the potential rebellion
24 October 1569 - Elizabeth demands that the Earls appear in Court, this could have scared the Earls and made them believe that they don’t have another way out except to start the rebellion, this could be a key trigger.
Early November 1569 - Westmoreland’s supporters massing at Brancepeth Castle - this becomes the stronghold for the rebels
9 November 1569 - Northumberland joins the rebellion and rebels begin mass at Brancepeth
13 November - Sussex begins to raise royal forces
14 November - Rebels march to Durham and then begin to march South
22 November - Rebels reach Bramham Moor in Yorkshire
24 November - Rebels turn back to the North
Early December - Rebels besiege Barnard Castle where the royal forces are (George Bowes) stationed by attacking the castle
14 December - Rebels overrun Barnard Castle and the royal forces, over 200 soldiers join the rebels by jumping over the castle. This showed how weak the royal forces were.
16 December - Rebels disband their army and flee
January 1570 - Leonard Dacre starts to muster forces at Naworth
February 1570 - Dacre’s forces attack Lord Hunsdon; Dacre is defeated and captured
