Henry's Grammar

Question 1

is; am; are

Answer 1

desu

Question 2

isn’t; am not; aren’t

Answer 2

ja nai desu

Question 3

was

Answer 3

deshita

Question 4

wasn’t

Answer 4

ja nakatta desu

Question 5

explanatory/clarifying ending

Answer 5

no desu

Question 6

ending seeking confirmation

Answer 6

desu ne

Question 7

ending that adds assertion / emphasis

Answer 7

desu yo

Question 8

ending meaning probably

It will probably rain tomorrow.

Answer 8

deshou; darou

Question 9

‘A’ said “B”

He said, “the movie was funny.”

Answer 9

A wa “B” + to itte imashita

Question 10

‘A’ will be “adj”

The ‘movie’ will be “funny”.

Answer 10

‘A’ ga “adj” narimasu

adj needs to be in adverbial form

Question 11

I think ‘A’ will be “adj”

I think ‘this trip’ will be “fun”.

Answer 11

‘A’ wa “adj” naru to omoimasu

Question 12

did not… (polite)

I didn’t eat yet

Answer 12

V stem + masendeshita

Question 13

did not… (casual)

I didn’t eat yet

Answer 13

V ta + nakatta

Question 14

want to…

I want to learn Japanese

Answer 14

V stem + tai

Question 15

(3rd party) wants to…

My wife wants to visit Japan again

Answer 15

V stem + tagatte imasu

Question 16

I think I will…

Answer 16

V plain + to omoimasu

Question 17

will try…

I will try to study everyday

Answer 17

V te + miru

Question 18

I’m looking forward to (V).

I’m looking forward to travelling

Answer 18

V plain + no tanoshimi desu

Question 19

I’m looking forward to (N)

I’m looking forward Japan

Answer 19

N + ga tanoshimi desu

Question 20

Is it OK to…?

Is it OK to smoke?

Answer 20

V te + mo ii desu ka

Question 21

Can you do me this favor and…?

Can you do me this favor and take a picture?

Answer 21

V te + moratte mo ii desu ka

Question 22

Have you ever…?

Have you ever been to Tokyo

Answer 22

V ta + koto ga arimasu ka

Question 23

Do you ever…?

Do you ever visit Okinawa?

Answer 23

V plain + koto ga arimasu ka

Question 24

I have/need to…?

I have to study this weekend.

Answer 24

• V stem + nakya ikemasen
• V stem + nakya naranai

Question 25

going to (location) to…

I’m going to my friend’s house to hang out

Answer 25

V stem + ni ikimasu

Question 26

• doing ‘A’ to ‘B’
• doing ‘A’ in order to do ‘B’
• doing ‘A’ for the purpose of ‘B’
• doing ‘A’ for ‘B’

I’m traveling for work

Answer 26

• V stem + ni + V masu
• V plain + you ni + V masu
• V plain + tame ni + V masu

Question 27

want me to…?

want me to make dinner?

Answer 27

• V te + hoshii desu ka
• V te + agemashou ka

hoshii desu ka is more colloquial

Question 28

where is a good place to…?

where is a good place to drink?

Answer 28

doko de + V tara + iin desu ka

doko de nondara iin desu ka

Question 29

what’s the difference between A and B?

Answer 29

A to B no chigai wa nan desu ka

Question 30

• A therefore Y
• Y because A

I want to speak Japanese therefore I study

Answer 30

A kara Y

nihongo o hanashitai kara benkyoushimasu

Question 31

• A and B therefore Y
• Y because A and B

Japanese is fun and interesting therefore I want to learn.

Answer 31

A shi B kara Y

nihongo wa tanoshii shi, omoshiroi kara manabitai desu.

Question 32

if “A” then “B”

expresses logical consequences - if it rain’s tomorrow, I’ll stay home

if it rains tomorrow, I’ll stay home

Answer 32

1. “A”-tara “B”
2. “A” (V plain) + to + “B”

ashita ame ga futtara, ie ni imasu

Question 33

when/if “A” then “B”

expresses general truth/habitual action - if/when it rains, I stay home

when/if it rains, I stay home

Answer 33

1. “A”-eba “B”
2. “A” (V plain) + to + “B”

ame ga fureba, ie ni imasu

Question 34

if “A” then “B”

expresses hypthetical possibility - if I learn Japanese, I can live in J

if I learn Japanese, I can live in Japan

Answer 34

1. “A” nara “B”
2. “A” (V plain) + to + “B”

nihongo o manabu nara, nihon ni sumemasu

Question 35

I want (thing)

I want a new car

Answer 35

(thing) + ga hoshii desu

atarashii kuruma ga hoshii desu

Question 36

I don’t want (thing)

Answer 36

(thing) + ga hoshikunai desu

Question 37

3rd Party wants (thing)

He wants a new car

Answer 37

• (thing) + ga hoshigatteimasu
• (thing) + ga hoshii deshou

kare wa atarashii kuruma ga hoshigatteimasu

Question 38

might; may

I might go to Japan

Answer 38

• kamoshirenai
• kamoshiremasen

nihon ni iku kamoshirenai

Question 39

• how about if you (V)
• why don’t you (V)

how about if you study more?

Answer 39

V tara + dou desu ka

motto benkyou shitara dou desu ka

Question 40

A is more (Adj) than B

Tokyo is more fun than Osaka

Answer 40

A wa + B yori + Adj + desu

Tokyo wa Osaka yori tanoshii desu

Question 41

I plan to (V)

I plan to study all day

Answer 41

V plain + tsumori desu

ichinichijuu benkyou suru tsumori desu

Question 42

• I intend to (V)
• I’ve decided to (V)

I’ve decided to buy a new car

Answer 42

V casual volitional + to omoimasu

atarashii kuruma o kaou to omoimasu

Question 43

the (N) that I (V) is…

the bag on the table is expensive

Answer 43

V+ (thing) + wa + Rest of Phrase

teberu no ue ni aru kaban wa takai desu

Question 44

• I have plans to…
• I’m scheduled to…

I have plans to visit my family this weekend.

Answer 44

V plain + yotei desu

konshuumatsu kazoku ni otozureru yotei desu

Question 45

doing (something) out of kindness for someone else

I made dinner for my wife for her birthday

Answer 45

(recipient) ni + V te + ageru

tsuma no tanjobi no tame ni keeki o tsukutte agemashita

Question 46

doing (something) out of kindness for me (speaker)

can you take a picture for me

Answer 46

V te + kureru

shasshin o totte kuremasu ka

Question 47

For it being/Considering it’s “A”, it’s a surprise that “B”

For it being Japan, this area is quite dirty.

Answer 47

“A” ni shite wa, “B”

Nihon ni shite wa kono hen wa kanari kitanai desu ne